Burger J, Cooper K, Gochfeld M
Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855.
J Toxicol Environ Health. 1992 Aug;36(4):355-65. doi: 10.1080/15287399209531644.
Sport or subsistence fishermen sometimes underestimate the risks from eating local fish and distrust authorities regarding potential hazards from fish. We report on lead, cadmium, selenium, and mercury levels in snook, locally called robalo (Centropomus spp.), consumed by local fishermen in Puerto Rico, who ate up to 23 fish/wk. Median levels (in ppb, dry weight) for muscle, adipose, and liver ranged from 683 to 780 for lead, 37 to 600 for cadmium, 50 to 146 for mercury, and 361 to 3986 for selenium. Lead levels were similar in all tissues, and selenium and cadmium levels were highest in the liver. Mercury was higher in muscle than in liver. Computing exposure via ingestion for the average fisherman indicated that if one were to consume robalo throughout the year one would be exposed in excess of the EPA Reference Dose (RfD) for mercury. Using a widely accepted maximum consumption of 200 g/d for fishermen yielded hazard indices (daily consumption/RfD) below 1 for all four metals, with a value approaching 1 for mercury in adults, and over 1 for 16-kg children. The possibility that in certain localities and cultures sport or subsistence fishermen may consume fish at levels substantially above 200 g/d should be investigated in performing risk assessments, particularly outside the continental United States.
从事休闲垂钓或自给性捕鱼的渔民有时会低估食用当地鱼类的风险，并且在鱼类潜在危害问题上不信任当局。我们报告了波多黎各当地渔民食用的军曹鱼（当地称为罗非鱼，Centropomus spp.）中的铅、镉、硒和汞含量，这些渔民每周食用多达23条鱼。肌肉、脂肪和肝脏中的中位数含量（以干重计，单位为ppb），铅为683至780，镉为37至600，汞为50至146，硒为361至3986。所有组织中的铅含量相似，肝脏中的硒和镉含量最高。肌肉中的汞含量高于肝脏。通过计算普通渔民的摄入暴露量表明，如果一个人全年食用罗非鱼，其汞暴露量将超过美国环境保护局（EPA）的参考剂量（RfD）。对于渔民，采用广泛接受的每日最大摄入量200克计算得出，所有四种金属的危害指数（每日摄入量/RfD）均低于1，成年人的汞危害指数接近1，16公斤重儿童的汞危害指数超过1。在进行风险评估时，特别是在美国大陆以外地区，应调查在某些地区和文化中，休闲或自给性渔民食用鱼类的量可能大大超过每日200克的可能性。
