Management of urinary calculi during pregnancy.

Renal calculous disease is an infrequent but not insignificant occurrence during pregnancy. In 50 to 80% of the cases conservative management is appropriate and the stone will pass spontaneously. Should intervention be required, recent advances in stone management and techniques for urinary tract drainage may be successfully applied to the obstetric population. Concerns regarding surgical and anesthetic risks, and the potential hazards of radiation exposure during pregnancy favor a minimally invasive approach with definitive treatment late in pregnancy or post partum. We review our experience during a 5-year period in managing 29 patients with urinary calculous disease during pregnancy. Based on our experience and review of the literature an algorithm for treatment of urolithiasis during pregnancy is proposed.