Khan M M H, Goto Ryoichi, Kobayashi Kota, Suzumura Shigeo, Nagata Yoshie, Sonoda Tomoko, Sakauchi Fumio, Washio Masakazu, Mori Mitsuru
Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556 Japan.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2004 Jan-Mar;5(1):58-65.
Dietary factors are thought to be closely associated with the development of human cancers and hence numerous studies in this area have already been conducted in the United States and other Western countries. Comparatively few prospective studies have been published in Japan, especially for Hokkaido people. The present investigation was therefore performed to assess links between four leading cancers and some of the Japanese common dietary factors through a cohort study (1984-2002) in Hokkaido by analyzing 1,524 men and 1,634 women separately aged 40 and over. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate the relative risk (RR) for each dietary factor. For men, two dietary factors, miso soup (RR=0.2, 95% confidence interval (95%CI)=0.1-0.8) and pickled vegetables (RR=0.2, 95%CI=0.1-0.8) were associated with lower risk for stomach and colorectal cancer respectively. For women, three factors, namely salty confectionary (RR=3.5, 95%CI=1.1-10.9), black tea (RR=3.8, 95%CI=1.1-13.6), and carbonated drink/juice (RR=3.9, 95% CI=1.4-11.1) appeared related to an elevated risk of stomach cancer. However, further analysis simultaneously with all other adjusted factors indicated only carbonated drink/juice (RR=3.1, 95%CI=1.1-8.9) to present a significant risk factor for stomach cancer. One factor, namely wild edible plants (RR=3.3, 95%CI=1.1-9.8), increased the risk for colorectal cancer in women. None of the dietary components were significantly associated with lung or pancreatic cancers. This study also indicated a wide variation in the impact of dietary factors by sex and cancer site, in line with earlier work, pointing to a necessity for careful interpretation. Further epidemiological investigations by sex with more study subjects and confounding factors will be useful for determining the contribution of individual dietary factors to development of human cancers in Hokkaido, Japan.
饮食因素被认为与人类癌症的发生密切相关，因此美国和其他西方国家已经在这一领域开展了大量研究。在日本，尤其是针对北海道居民的前瞻性研究相对较少。因此，本研究通过对北海道1524名40岁及以上男性和1634名40岁及以上女性进行队列研究（1984 - 2002年），以评估四种主要癌症与一些日本常见饮食因素之间的联系。采用调整后的Cox比例风险回归分析来计算每种饮食因素的相对风险（RR）。对于男性，味噌汤（RR = 0.2，95%置信区间（95%CI）= 0.1 - 0.8）和腌制蔬菜（RR = 0.2，95%CI = 0.1 - 0.8）这两种饮食因素分别与降低胃癌和结直肠癌风险相关。对于女性，咸味糖果（RR = 3.5，95%CI = 1.1 - 10.9）、红茶（RR = 3.8，95%CI = 1.1 - 13.6）和碳酸饮料/果汁（RR = 3.9，95%CI = 1.4 - 11.1）这三种因素似乎与胃癌风险升高有关。然而，与所有其他调整因素同时进行的进一步分析表明，只有碳酸饮料/果汁（RR = 3.1，95%CI = 1.1 - 8.9）是胃癌的显著风险因素。野生可食用植物这一因素（RR = 3.3，95%CI = 1.1 - 9.8）增加了女性患结直肠癌的风险。没有任何饮食成分与肺癌或胰腺癌有显著关联。本研究还表明，饮食因素对癌症的影响因性别和癌症部位而异，这与早期研究一致，表明有必要谨慎解读。进一步按性别进行的流行病学调查，纳入更多研究对象和混杂因素，将有助于确定个体饮食因素对日本北海道居民患人类癌症的影响。
