Ishibashi N
Department of Child Psychology, Hiroshima University.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 1992 Feb;62(6):342-9. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.62.342.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of motivation on preschool children's sharing judgment and behavior. In Experiment 1, 45 4-year-olds and 41 5-year-olds were asked whether they wanted to share seals in a fictional situation, and were observed whether they shared their seals in an actual situation. The main results indicated that the number of children who shared seals in the latter situation was smaller than those who judged to share seals in the former one. Especially there was a great difference regarding this point in 4-year-olds children. "Empathic orientation" motivated preschool children's sharing behavior, while "self-focused orientation" did not. In Experiment 2, 52 4-year-olds and 60 5-year-olds were divided into two empathic levels (middle, high) and two motivational cost levels (low, high) to examine the effects of "empathic orientation" and "self-focused orientation." The main results indicated that high motivational cost restrained children from sharing in an actual situation.
本研究的目的是考察动机对学龄前儿童分享判断和行为的影响。在实验1中，45名4岁儿童和41名5岁儿童被问及在一个虚构情境中是否愿意分享印章，并观察他们在实际情境中是否分享了印章。主要结果表明，在后一种情境中分享印章的儿童数量少于在前一种情境中判断愿意分享印章的儿童数量。尤其是在4岁儿童中，这一点存在很大差异。“共情取向”促进了学龄前儿童的分享行为，而“自我关注取向”则没有。在实验2中，52名4岁儿童和60名5岁儿童被分为两个共情水平（中等、高）和两个动机成本水平（低、高），以考察“共情取向”和“自我关注取向”的影响。主要结果表明，高动机成本会抑制儿童在实际情境中的分享行为。
