Hamazaki T
Department of Child Psychology, Hiroshima University.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 1992 Feb;62(6):364-8. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.62.364.
The purpose of this study was to examine preschool children's prosocial judgments and their reasoning for prosocial episodes. One hundred children were individually asked to do prosocial judgments and their reasoning for three prosocial episodes: helping, sharing, and comforting. In the episode there was a crying or a normal facial expression of a person in distress under the condition of high and low empathic situations. The results indicated that the crying face and high empathic situation increased the rate of prosocial judgment more than the normal face and low empathic situation, respectively, and older children (5-year-olds) did prosocial judgment than younger ones (4-year-olds). Furthermore, the crying face induced the empathic reasoning, especially in the high empathic situation. These results supported that preschool children were able to use the empathic reasoning reflected in the negative facial expression and the cause of distress of the victim.
本研究的目的是考察学龄前儿童的亲社会判断及其对亲社会事件的推理。一百名儿童被单独要求对三个亲社会事件进行亲社会判断及其推理：帮助、分享和安慰。在这些事件中，处于高共情情境和低共情情境下，有一个处于痛苦中的人哭泣或面部表情正常。结果表明，哭泣的面孔和高共情情境分别比正常面孔和低共情情境更能提高亲社会判断的比率，且年龄较大的儿童（5岁）比年龄较小的儿童（4岁）做出亲社会判断的情况更多。此外，哭泣的面孔引发了共情推理，尤其是在高共情情境下。这些结果支持了学龄前儿童能够运用消极面部表情和受害者痛苦原因中所反映的共情推理。
