Adams Eve M, McNeil Keith, Dubsick Nicole
Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, 3CEP/Box 30001, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001, USA.
Psychol Rep. 2004 Feb;94(1):277-87. doi: 10.2466/pr0.94.1.277-287.
This study examined university students' perceptions of which gender-role characteristics described helpful counselors for 137 nonmajors from an introduction to counseling class. Using a modification of the Broverman, et al. method (1970) and a modified version of their Stereotype Questionnaire, participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions. Participants indicated the characteristics of a helpful counselor, a helpful female counselor, or a helpful male counselor using 20 bipolar items of gender-role characteristics. t tests were applied to whether agreement of the pole considered most frequently was greater than chance (50%). Analysis indicated agreement on characteristics were most helpful in a counselor, and the direction of this agreement did not differ across the three conditions or as a function of participants' sex. Agreement was high for the individual gender-role characteristic items across conditions as two of 20 items showed significant differences. There was significantly more agreement that male counselors should not have their feelings easily hurt than female counselors and significantly less agreement that male counselors should be able to express tender feelings easily relative to a counselor of unspecified sex.
本研究调查了137名非专业学生对何种性别角色特征描述了有帮助的咨询师的看法，这些学生来自一门咨询入门课程。采用对布罗弗曼等人（1970年）方法的修改版本以及他们的刻板印象问卷的修订版，参与者被随机分配到三个条件之一。参与者使用20个双极性别角色特征项目指出有帮助的咨询师、有帮助的女咨询师或有帮助的男咨询师的特征。对最常被提及的极点的认同是否大于随机概率（50%）进行了t检验。分析表明，对咨询师中最有帮助的特征存在共识，并且这种共识的方向在三个条件之间或作为参与者性别的函数并无差异。在各个条件下，对于单个性别角色特征项目的认同度都很高，因为20个项目中有两个显示出显著差异。与未指明性别的咨询师相比，对于男性咨询师不应轻易感情受伤的认同明显多于女性咨询师，而对于男性咨询师应能够轻易表达温柔情感的认同则明显少于未指明性别的咨询师。
