De Micheli Denise, Formigoni Maria Lucia O S
Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Addiction. 2004 May;99(5):570-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2003.00671.x.
In the last few years, epidemiological studies in Brazil have detected significant increases in the use and abuse of psychoactive drugs by adolescents; however, there is a paucity of data on the factors associated with this use.
To assess the prevalence of drug use by students from public schools in a Brazilian city and to evaluate the influence of age, school achievement, family, psychosocial, health, demographic and behavioural characteristics on regular drug use.
This cross-sectional study was conducted using a representative sample of 6417 students attending public schools in the city of Barueri, Brazil and included adolescents from the 5th grade of elementary school to the 3rd year of high school. The Brazilian version of the Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI-R) was administered in the classroom by trained educational advisers without teachers being present.
Prevalence rates for the previous month were: alcohol: 48%, tobacco: 22.5%, cannabis: 14%, inhalants/solvents: 5%, cocaine: 3%, tranquillizers: 0.5%, amphetamines: 0.9%, anabolic steroids: 0.1% and ecstasy: 0.9%. With the exceptions of tranquillizers and amphetamines, the older students reported significantly higher frequencies and amounts of drug use than the younger ones. Boys reported a significantly higher consumption of alcohol, cannabis, cocaine and ecstasy than girls, as well as higher percentages of frequent/heavy use. Logistic regression analysis detected that poor school achievement, a poor or bad relationship with those with whom they live, studying in the evening period, presence of antisocial behaviour, family problems and friends who use drugs were factors significantly associated with drug use.
The findings suggest that preventive programmes should be more comprehensive in scope, rather than focusing only on information about the negative consequences of drug use.
在过去几年中，巴西的流行病学研究发现青少年使用和滥用精神活性药物的情况显著增加；然而，关于与此类使用相关因素的数据却很少。
评估巴西一个城市公立学校学生的药物使用流行情况，并评估年龄、学业成绩、家庭、心理社会、健康、人口统计学和行为特征对经常使用药物的影响。
这项横断面研究使用了巴西巴鲁埃里市公立学校6417名学生的代表性样本，其中包括从小学五年级到高中三年级的青少年。由经过培训的教育顾问在教室里发放巴西版的药物使用筛查量表（DUSI-R），教师不在场。
上个月的流行率为：酒精：48%，烟草：22.5%，大麻：14%，吸入剂/溶剂：5%，可卡因：3%，镇静剂：0.5%，安非他明：0.9%，合成代谢类固醇：0.1%，摇头丸：0.9%。除镇静剂和安非他明外，年龄较大的学生报告的药物使用频率和数量明显高于年龄较小的学生。男孩报告的酒精、大麻、可卡因和摇头丸消费量明显高于女孩，以及频繁/大量使用的比例更高。逻辑回归分析发现，学业成绩差、与同住者关系不佳或恶劣、在晚上学习、存在反社会行为、家庭问题以及有吸毒的朋友是与药物使用显著相关的因素。
研究结果表明，预防方案应在范围上更加全面，而不是仅关注药物使用的负面后果信息。
