King Deborah, Smith Sarah, Higginson Brian, Muncasy Barry, Scheirman Gary
Department of Exercise & Sport Sciences, Ithaca College, New York, USA.
Sports Biomech. 2004 Jan;3(1):109-23. doi: 10.1080/14763140408522833.
The purpose of this study was to compare triple (T) and quadruple (Q) toe-loop figure skating jumps and quantify basic characteristics of these jumps to provide information to coaches that will assist them in teaching quadruple toe-loops to elite figure skaters. High-speed video was taken during men's practice and competition sessions at the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Olympics; three-dimensional analyses of selected triple and quadruple jumps were completed. The most significant difference between triple and quadruple toe-loops was an increase in rotational velocity in the air. Additionally, increased vertical velocity at take-off and subsequent time in the air were also observed. Three main conclusions were developed: 1) The timing of rotation of the hips and shoulders was different for quadruple toe-loops compared to triples with the differences being observed before toe-pick; 2) Increases in rotational velocity occurred primarily as a result of the skaters assuming different body positions from take-off through landing which resulted in tighter rotating positions for longer durations of the jump; 3) Greater vertical velocity was gained during the propulsive phase due to the extension of the legs during the press off the ice.
本研究的目的是比较三周（T）和四周（Q）后外点冰跳，并量化这些跳跃的基本特征，以便为教练提供信息，帮助他们向优秀花样滑冰运动员传授四周后外点冰跳。在2002年盐湖城冬奥会男子练习和比赛期间拍摄了高速视频；完成了对选定的三周跳和四周跳的三维分析。三周和四周后外点冰跳之间最显著的差异是空中旋转速度的增加。此外，还观察到起跳时垂直速度的增加以及随后在空中的时间增加。得出了三个主要结论：1）与三周跳相比，四周后外点冰跳时髋部和肩部的旋转时机不同，这种差异在蹬冰前就已观察到；2）旋转速度的增加主要是由于滑冰者从起跳至着陆采取了不同的身体姿势，从而在跳跃的较长时间内保持更紧凑的旋转姿势；3）在蹬冰阶段，由于腿部伸展，在推进阶段获得了更大的垂直速度。
