Zhang Renyi, Lei Wenfang, Tie Xuexi, Hess Peter
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Apr 27;101(17):6346-50. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0401484101. Epub 2004 Apr 14.
Simulations with a regional chemical transport model show that anthropogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides (NO(x) = NO + NO(2)) lead to a dramatic diurnal variation of surface ozone (O(3)) in Houston, Texas. During the daytime, photochemical oxidation of volatile organic compounds catalyzed by NO(x) results in episodes of elevated ambient O(3) levels significantly exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. The O(3) production rate in Houston is significantly higher than those found in other cities over the United States. At night, a surface NO(x) maximum occurs because of continuous NO emission from industrial sources, and, consequently, an extensive urban-scale "hole" of surface ozone (<10 parts per billion by volume in the entire Houston area) is formed as a result of O(3) removal by NO. The results suggest that consideration of regulatory control of O(3) precursor emissions from the industrial sources is essential to formulate ozone abatement strategies in this region.
利用区域化学传输模型进行的模拟显示，挥发性有机化合物和氮氧化物（NO(x)=NO+NO₂）的人为排放导致德克萨斯州休斯顿市地表臭氧（O₃）出现显著的日变化。在白天，由NO(x)催化的挥发性有机化合物的光化学氧化导致环境O₃水平升高，显著超过国家环境空气质量标准。休斯顿的O₃生成率明显高于美国其他城市。在夜间，由于工业源持续排放NO，地表出现NO(x)最大值，因此，由于NO对O₃的去除作用，在整个休斯顿地区形成了一个广泛的城市尺度地表臭氧“空洞”（体积分数<十亿分之十）。结果表明，考虑对工业源O₃前体排放进行监管控制对于制定该地区的臭氧减排策略至关重要。
