Kuntsche E, Rehm J, Gmel G
Research Department, Swiss Institute for the Prevention of Alcohol and Drug Problems, PO Box 870, Lausanne 1001, Switzerland.
Soc Sci Med. 2004 Jul;59(1):113-27. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.10.009.
Binge drinking has been shown to be associated with considerable social harm and disease burden. This review aims to give an overview from a European perspective of the socio-demographical, individual, and social factors that affect binge drinking and to identify effective interventions to reduce binge drinking. To this end, a computer-assisted search of relevant articles was conducted. Results showed that males tended to binge drinking more frequently than females. Binge drinking was most prevalent among adolescents and young adults, and prevalence levelled off later in life. Socio-economic conditions seemed to have an effect on binge drinking, independent of their effects on the volume of alcohol consumed. The early onset of binge drinking was associated with a history of drinking in the family, but pathways into adulthood are less clear. Binge drinking often co-occurred with other substance use. Motives for binge drinking included both social camaraderie and tension reduction. Which aspect prevails may vary according to the type of binge drinker, but to date has not been satisfactorily explained. Binge drinkers were not likely to know enough about or be aware of the potential risks of bingeing. Pressure from peers was one of the strongest influencing factors for binge drinking and seemed to outweigh parental influences, especially from late adolescence onwards. Binge drinking also varied according to both the predominant adult and adolescent drinking culture with more binge drinking in the northern and middle parts of Europe compared to the southern parts. Thus, a variety of socio-demographical, individual, and social characteristics associated with binge drinking have been identified. However, knowledge in this area is limited, as most research has been conducted among particular groups in specific situations, in particular North American college students. More research in Europe is urgently needed, as results from other cultural backgrounds are difficult to generalize.
大量饮酒已被证明与相当大的社会危害和疾病负担相关。本综述旨在从欧洲视角概述影响大量饮酒的社会人口统计学、个体和社会因素，并确定减少大量饮酒的有效干预措施。为此，我们对相关文章进行了计算机辅助检索。结果显示，男性比女性更倾向于频繁大量饮酒。大量饮酒在青少年和年轻人中最为普遍，患病率在生命后期趋于平稳。社会经济状况似乎对大量饮酒有影响，且独立于其对饮酒量的影响。大量饮酒的早期发作与家庭饮酒史有关，但进入成年期的途径尚不清楚。大量饮酒常与其他物质使用同时发生。大量饮酒的动机包括社交情谊和减轻紧张情绪。哪种因素占主导可能因大量饮酒者的类型而异，但迄今为止尚未得到令人满意的解释。大量饮酒者可能对大量饮酒的潜在风险了解不足或认识不够。同伴压力是大量饮酒最强的影响因素之一，似乎超过了父母的影响，尤其是从青春期后期开始。大量饮酒也因主要的成人和青少年饮酒文化而异，与欧洲南部相比，欧洲北部和中部的大量饮酒情况更多。因此，已确定了与大量饮酒相关的各种社会人口统计学、个体和社会特征。然而，这一领域的知识有限，因为大多数研究是在特定情况下的特定群体中进行的，特别是北美大学生。迫切需要在欧洲进行更多研究，因为来自其他文化背景的结果难以推广。
