Pierrot-Deseilligny Charles, Milea Dan, Müri René M
INSERM 289 and Neurology Department 1, Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
Curr Opin Neurol. 2004 Feb;17(1):17-25. doi: 10.1097/00019052-200402000-00005.
This review focuses on eye movement control by the cerebral cortex, mainly in humans. Data have emerged based on the important contribution of recent techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging, which provide complementary results to those of the classical lesion and electrical stimulation studies.
The location of the human frontal eye field and its role in pursuit eye movement control were recently detailed. Cumulative evidence for the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in unwanted reflexive saccade inhibition, short-term spatial memory and prediction suggests that this area controls decisional processes governing ocular motor behaviour. The organization of spatial memory in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (short-term), the parahippocampal cortex (medium-term) and the hippocampal formation (long-term) is also reviewed with the results of recent transcranial magnetic stimulation studies. The relatively complicated anatomy of the posterior parietal cortex in humans is briefly described followed by some additional results concerning the location of the parietal eye field - within the posterior half of the intraparietal sulcus - and its role in visuo-spatial integration and attention. The other areas involved in spatial attention are also examined in the light of several recent contributing reports. Lastly, there are also new functional magnetic resonance imaging findings concerning the posterior cingulate cortex, which appears to be mainly involved in the control of externally guided eye movements and attentional mechanisms.
Many new findings on the organization of saccades and pursuit eye movements at the cortical level have recently been reported. Furthermore, eye movements are increasingly used as a tool to elucidate relatively complex neuropsychological processes such as attention, spatial memory, motivation and decisional processes, and a considerable number of reports dealing with these questions have been observed.
本综述聚焦于大脑皮层对眼球运动的控制，主要针对人类。基于经颅磁刺激和功能磁共振成像等近期技术的重要贡献，已出现了相关数据，这些技术为经典的损伤和电刺激研究结果提供了补充。
人类额叶眼区的位置及其在追踪眼球运动控制中的作用最近得到了详细阐述。背外侧前额叶皮质在抑制不必要的反射性扫视、短期空间记忆和预测方面作用的累积证据表明，该区域控制着支配眼球运动行为的决策过程。还结合近期经颅磁刺激研究的结果，综述了背外侧前额叶皮质（短期）、海马旁皮质（中期）和海马结构（长期）中空间记忆的组织情况。简要描述了人类后顶叶皮质相对复杂的解剖结构，随后介绍了一些关于顶叶眼区位置（在顶内沟后半部）及其在视觉空间整合和注意力方面作用的额外研究结果。还根据近期的一些相关报告，对涉及空间注意力的其他区域进行了研究。最后，关于后扣带回皮质也有新的功能磁共振成像研究结果，该区域似乎主要参与对外界引导的眼球运动和注意力机制的控制。
最近报道了许多关于皮层水平扫视和追踪眼球运动组织的新发现。此外，眼球运动越来越多地被用作阐明相对复杂的神经心理过程（如注意力、空间记忆、动机和决策过程）的工具，并且已经观察到大量涉及这些问题 的报告。
