Varrica D, Aiuppa A, Dongarrà G
Dipartimento C.F.T.A., Università di Palermo, via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
Environ Pollut. 2000 May;108(2):153-62. doi: 10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00246-8.
Major and trace element concentrations were determined in two lichen species (Parmelia conspersa and Xanthoria calcicola) from the island of Vulcano and all around Mt. Etna. In both areas, the average concentrations of Al, Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, K, P and Ti are substantially greater than those of other elements. Several elements (Br, Pb, Sb, Au, Zn, Cu) resulted enriched with respect to the local substrates. The Br and Pb enrichment factors turned out to be the highest among those calculated in both areas. Data indicate that mixing between volcanic and automotive-produced particles clearly explains the range of Pb/Br shown by lichen samples. Sb is also enriched, revealing a geogenic origin at Vulcano and a prevailing anthropic origin at Mt. Etna. Distribution maps of the enrichment factors show a generalized enrichment of Au and Zn near Mt. Etna, whereas Cu appears to be enriched prevalently in the NE-SE area. The highest levels of Au and Cu at Vulcano occur E-SE from the craters, following the prevailing wind direction.
对来自武尔卡诺岛及埃特纳火山周边的两种地衣（散斑梅衣和钙质黄枝衣）中的主要元素和微量元素浓度进行了测定。在这两个区域，铝、钙、镁、铁、钠、钾、磷和钛的平均浓度显著高于其他元素。几种元素（溴、铅、锑、金、锌、铜）相对于当地基质出现了富集。结果表明，在这两个区域计算得出的富集因子中，溴和铅的富集因子最高。数据表明，火山颗粒与汽车排放颗粒的混合清晰地解释了地衣样本中铅/溴的范围。锑也出现了富集，表明在武尔卡诺岛其来源为地质成因，而在埃特纳火山则主要源自人为因素。富集因子分布图显示，埃特纳火山附近普遍存在金和锌的富集，而铜似乎主要在东北 - 东南区域富集。在武尔卡诺岛，金和铜的最高含量出现在火山口以东 - 东南方向，与盛行风向一致。
