Turunen M, Heller W, Stich S, Sandermann H, Sutinen M L, Norokorpi Y
Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, PO Box 122, FIN-96101, Rovaniemi, Finland.
Environ Pollut. 1999 Aug;106(2):219-28. doi: 10.1016/s0269-7491(99)00070-6.
The characteristics of UV-absorbing compounds, particularly soluble phenolics, were studied in needles of 63-day-old seed-grown Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings of two provenances in a UV exclusion field experiment at Pallas-Ounastunturi National Park in Finnish Lapland (68 degrees N, 270 m a.s.l.). The experiment used the following plastic filters in exclosure treatments to manipulate the spectral balance of natural irradiance: (1) 'control' (a polyethene plastic filter); (2) 'UV-B exclusion' (a clear polyester filter); and (3) 'UV-B/UV-A exclusion' (a clear acryl plate). Polyethene transmitted 89% of the ambient levels of total UV (280-400 nm), polyester transmitted 75% of the total UV, but only 0.6% of the UV-B (280-315 nm) component, while acryl plate transmitted 0.2% of UV (280-360 nm). The research also included (4) 'Ambient' plants that were not subjected to any treatment exclosures. After the 58 day UV exclusion, significant (p<0.0001) differences due to treatments were determined for a kaempferol derivative, kaempferol 3-glucoside, and a quercetin derivative, the quantities of which ranged from 0.23 to 0.45, 0.42 to 1.34 and 0.39 to 0.75 micromol g FW(-1), respectively, depending on treatment and provenance. Overall, Scots pine seedlings grown at ambient UV radiation (PAS300, Caldwell's generalized Plant Action Spectrum (PAS) normalized at 300 nm, 72 mW m(-2)) or under a control had significantly (p<0.05) higher quantities of soluble phenolics than seedlings grown under UV-B or UV-B/UV-A exclusion treatments. There were no significant differences in the quantity of soluble phenolics between the two exclosure treatments or between the two Scots pine provenances. The sums of diacylated flavonol glucosides ranging from 3.75 to 4.55 micromol g FW(-1) depending on treatment and provenance, were already present at very low UV-levels under the UV-B/UV-A exclusion treatment. The present study indicated that soluble phenolics, particularly the diacylated flavonol glucosides, may provide an effective preformed protection for young Scots pine seedlings against UV-B and UV-A radiation.
在芬兰拉普兰的帕拉斯 - 奥纳斯特恩图里国家公园（北纬68度，海拔270米）进行的一项紫外线排除田间试验中，研究了63日龄种子培育的两个种源的苏格兰松（Pinus sylvestris L.）幼苗针叶中紫外线吸收化合物，特别是可溶性酚类物质的特性。该实验在围栏处理中使用了以下塑料滤光片来控制自然光照的光谱平衡：（1）“对照”（聚乙烯塑料滤光片）；（2）“紫外线B排除”（透明聚酯滤光片）；（3）“紫外线B/紫外线A排除”（透明丙烯酸板）。聚乙烯透射了环境总紫外线（280 - 400纳米）水平的89%，聚酯透射了总紫外线的75%，但仅透射了紫外线B（280 - 315纳米）成分的0.6%，而丙烯酸板透射了紫外线（280 - 360纳米）的0.2%。该研究还包括（4）未进行任何处理围栏的“环境”植物。在58天的紫外线排除处理后，对于一种山奈酚衍生物山奈酚3 - 葡萄糖苷和一种槲皮素衍生物，因处理导致的显著差异（p<0.0001）被确定，其含量分别在0.23至0.45、0.42至1.34和0.39至0.75微摩尔克鲜重（-1）之间，具体取决于处理和种源。总体而言，在环境紫外线辐射下生长的（PAS300，考德威尔广义植物作用光谱（PAS）在300纳米处归一化，72毫瓦每平方米）或对照条件下的苏格兰松幼苗，其可溶性酚类物质的含量显著（p<0.05）高于在紫外线B或紫外线B/紫外线A排除处理下生长的幼苗。两种围栏处理之间或两个苏格兰松种源之间可溶性酚类物质的含量没有显著差异。取决于处理和种源，二酰化黄酮醇葡萄糖苷的总量在3.75至4.55微摩尔克鲜重（-1）之间，在紫外线B/紫外线A排除处理下，在非常低的紫外线水平下就已存在。本研究表明，可溶性酚类物质，特别是二酰化黄酮醇葡萄糖苷，可能为苏格兰松幼苗提供有效的预先形成的对紫外线B和紫外线A辐射的保护。
