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用于韧带愈合的功能性组织工程:反义基因治疗的潜力

Functional tissue engineering for ligament healing: potential of antisense gene therapy.

作者信息

Woo Savio L Y, Jia Fengyan, Zou Li, Gabriel Mary T

机构信息

Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

出版信息

Ann Biomed Eng. 2004 Mar;32(3):342-51. doi: 10.1023/b:abme.0000017551.93144.1a.

Abstract

Traumatic knee injuries frequently involve the disruption of multiple ligaments, such as a complete tear of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) together with a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) (Miyasaka, K., D. M. Daniel, M. L. Stone, and P. Hirshman. Am. J. Knee Surg. 4:3-8, 1991). Despite the high incidence, clinical management of this type of injury is still debated. Laboratory studies have shown that the ACL and MCL share the responsibility of stabilizing the knee, especially in response to valgus and other rotatory torques as well as anterior tibial loads (Inoue, M., E. McGurk-Burleson, J. M. Hollis, and S. L-Y. Woo. Am. J. Sports Med. 15:15-21, 1987; Kanamori, A., M. Sakane, J. Zeminski, T. W. Rudy, and S. L-Y. Woo. J. Ortho. Sci. 5:567-571, 2000; Ma, C. B., C. D. Papageogiou, R. E. Debski, and S. L. Woo. Acta Orthop. Scand. 71:387-393, 2000; Sakane, M., G. A. Livesay, R. J. Fox, T. W. Rudy, T. J. Runco, and S. L-Y. Woo. Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc. 7:93-97, 1999). When one structure is deficient, the force in the other increases significantly to compensate. The injured ACL does not heal and requires surgical replacement by tissue grafts. On the other hand, after an isolated MCL tear or in a combined MCL and ACL injury, the MCL can heal spontaneously without surgical intervention and can function well in most cases. Nevertheless, the biomechanical and biochemical properties as well as the histomorphological appearance of the healing MCL are substantially different to those of normal tissue (Bray, R. C., D. J. Butterwick, M. R. Daschak, and J. V. Tyberg. J. Orthop. Res. 14:618-625, 1996; Loitz-Ramage, B. J., C. B. Frank, and N. G. Shrive. Clin. Orthop.:272-280, 1997; Weiss, J. A., S. L-Y. Woo, K. J. Ohland, S. Horibe, and P. O. Newton. J. Orthop. Res. 9:516-528, 1991). In an effort to improve the outcome of injuries to these and other ligaments, therapeutic strategies associated with improving biomechanical, biochemical, and histomorphological properties of ligaments have been investigated in recent years. These therapeutic strategies include growth factor stimulation (Conti, N. A., and L. E. Dahners. Presented at Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, CA; Deie, M., T. Marui, C. R. Allen, K. A. Hildebrand, H. I. Georgescu, et al. Mech. Ageing Dev. 97:121-130, 1997), cell therapy (Menetrey, J., C. Kasemkijwattana, C. S. Day, P. Bosch, F. H. Fu, et al. Tissue Eng. 5:435-442, 1999; Watanabe, N., S. L-Y. Woo, C. Papageorgiou, C. Celechovsky, and S. Takai. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:39-44, 2002), as well as gene stherapy (Nakamura N., D. A. Hart, R. S. Boorman, Y. Kaneda, N. G. Shrive, et al. J. Orthop. Res. 18:517-523, 2000; Shimomura, T., F. Jia, C. Niyibizi, and S. L-Y. Woo. Connect. Tissue Res.:2003). The knowledge gained by studying these therapeutic strategies could potentially be applied to other ligaments and tendons. In this article, antisense gene therapy to alter gene expression by using antisense oligonucleotides will be examined as a possible solution.

摘要

创伤性膝关节损伤常累及多条韧带的断裂,比如内侧副韧带(MCL)完全撕裂合并前交叉韧带(ACL)断裂(宫坂,K.,D.M.丹尼尔,M.L.斯通,以及P.赫什曼。《美国膝关节外科杂志》4:3 - 8,1991年)。尽管发病率很高,但这类损伤的临床治疗仍存在争议。实验室研究表明,ACL和MCL共同承担稳定膝关节的责任,尤其是在应对外翻及其他旋转扭矩以及胫骨前负荷时(井上,M.,E.麦古尔克 - 伯勒森,J.M.霍利斯,以及S.L - Y.吴。《美国运动医学杂志》15:15 - 21,1987年;金森,A.,坂根,M.,泽明斯基,J.,鲁迪,T.W.,以及S.L - Y.吴。《矫形外科学杂志》5:567 - 571,2000年;马,C.B.,帕帕吉奥吉乌,C.D.,德布斯基,R.E.,以及S.L.吴。《斯堪的纳维亚矫形外科学杂志》71:387 - 393,2000年;坂根,M.,利夫赛,G.A.,福克斯,R.J.,鲁迪,T.W.,伦科,T.J.,以及S.L - Y.吴。《膝关节外科、运动创伤与关节镜杂志》7:93 - 97,1999年)。当一个结构受损时,另一个结构中的力会显著增加以进行代偿。受损的ACL无法自愈,需要通过组织移植进行手术置换。另一方面,单纯MCL撕裂或MCL与ACL联合损伤后,MCL可在无手术干预的情况下自发愈合,且在大多数情况下功能良好。然而,愈合中的MCL的生物力学和生化特性以及组织形态学外观与正常组织有很大不同(布雷,R.C.,巴特威克,D.J.,达沙克,M.R.,以及泰伯格,J.V.。《矫形外科学研究杂志》14:618 - 625,1996年;洛伊茨 - 拉马奇,B.J.,弗兰克,C.B.,以及施赖夫,N.G.。《临床矫形外科学》:272 - 280,1997年;魏斯,J.A.,S.L - Y.吴,大岛,K.J.,堀部,S.,以及牛顿,P.O.。《矫形外科学研究杂志》9:516 - 528,1991年)。为了改善这些及其他韧带损伤的治疗效果,近年来人们研究了与改善韧带生物力学、生化和组织形态学特性相关的治疗策略。这些治疗策略包括生长因子刺激(孔蒂,N.A.,以及L.E.达纳尔斯。在加利福尼亚州旧金山市举行的矫形外科学研究学会会议上发表;出江,M.,丸井,T.,艾伦,C.R.,希尔德布兰德,K.A.,乔治斯库,H.I.等。《衰老与发育机制》97:121 - 130,1997年)、细胞治疗(梅内特雷,J.,卡森基吉瓦塔纳,C.,戴,C.S.,博施,P.,傅,F.H.等。《组织工程》5:435 - 442,1999年;渡边,N.,S.L - Y.吴,帕帕吉奥吉乌,C.,切莱乔夫斯基,C.,以及高井,S.。《显微镜研究与技术》58:39 - 44,2002年)以及基因治疗(中村,N.,哈特,D.A.,博尔曼,R.S.,金田,Y.,施赖夫,N.G.等。《矫形外科学研究杂志》18:517 - 523,2000年;下村,T.,贾,F.,日比子,C.,以及S.L - Y.吴。《结缔组织研究》:2003年)。通过研究这些治疗策略所获得的知识有可能应用于其他韧带和肌腱。在本文中,将探讨使用反义寡核苷酸改变基因表达的反义基因治疗作为一种可能的解决方案。

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