Division of WCU Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2013 Apr;65(4):536-58. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.07.014. Epub 2012 Aug 18.
Human tissues are intricate ensembles of multiple cell types embedded in complex and well-defined structures of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The organization of ECM is frequently hierarchical from nano to macro, with many proteins forming large scale structures with feature sizes up to several hundred microns. Inspired from these natural designs of ECM, nanotopography-guided approaches have been increasingly investigated for the last several decades. Results demonstrate that the nanotopography itself can activate tissue-specific function in vitro as well as promote tissue regeneration in vivo upon transplantation. In this review, we provide an extensive analysis of recent efforts to mimic functional nanostructures in vitro for improved tissue engineering and regeneration of injured and damaged tissues. We first characterize the role of various nanostructures in human tissues with respect to each tissue-specific function. Then, we describe various fabrication methods in terms of patterning principles and material characteristics. Finally, we summarize the applications of nanotopography to various tissues, which are classified into four types depending on their functions: protective, mechano-sensitive, electro-active, and shear stress-sensitive tissues. Some limitations and future challenges are briefly discussed at the end.
人体组织是多种细胞类型的复杂组合，嵌入在细胞外基质（ECM）的复杂和明确结构中。ECM 的组织通常从纳米到宏观具有层次结构，许多蛋白质形成具有几百微米特征尺寸的大规模结构。受 ECM 这些天然设计的启发，在过去几十年中，纳米形貌引导方法得到了越来越多的研究。研究结果表明，纳米形貌本身可以在体外激活组织特异性功能，并在移植后促进组织再生。在这篇综述中，我们广泛分析了最近在体外模拟功能纳米结构以改进受伤和受损组织的组织工程和再生的努力。我们首先根据每种组织特异性功能，描述各种纳米结构在人体组织中的作用。然后，我们根据图案化原理和材料特性来描述各种制造方法。最后，我们总结了纳米形貌在各种组织中的应用，根据其功能将它们分为四类：保护性、机械敏感、电活性和切应力敏感组织。最后简要讨论了一些局限性和未来的挑战。
