Landau Joshua D, Leynes P Andrew
Department of Behavioral Sciences, York College, Pennsylvania 17405-7199, USA.
Memory. 2004 Jan;12(1):90-103. doi: 10.1080/09658210244000388.
Participants in six experiments viewed experimenter-provided examples of space creatures (Experiments 1-3) or nonwords (Experiments 4-5b) and then created their own novel space creatures or nonwords. Consistent with previous research, people borrowed many of the features found in the examples despite instructions to avoid using any aspects of the experimenter's examples. However, requiring people to include a designated shape in their space creatures or a designated letter in their nonwords attenuated this effect. Additionally, the type of shape or letter (conventional versus unconventional) also affected conformity. These results suggest that the strategies that people use to create novel products can affect the level of conformity and also highlight the importance of adopting unconventional, or at the very least, new strategies when creating new products.
在六个实验中，参与者观看了实验者提供的太空生物示例（实验1 - 3）或非单词示例（实验4 - 5b），然后创造他们自己的新型太空生物或非单词。与之前的研究一致，尽管有指示要求避免使用实验者示例的任何方面，但人们还是借用了示例中发现的许多特征。然而，要求人们在他们创造的太空生物中包含一个指定的形状，或者在非单词中包含一个指定的字母，会减弱这种影响。此外，形状或字母的类型（常规与非常规）也会影响从众性。这些结果表明，人们用于创造新产品的策略会影响从众程度，也凸显了在创造新产品时采用非常规策略或至少是新策略的重要性。
