Lamszus Katrin
Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2004 Apr;63(4):275-86. doi: 10.1093/jnen/63.4.275.
Over the past 5 to 10 years, important advances were made in the understanding of meningioma biology. Progress in molecular genetics probably represents the most important accomplishment in the comprehensive knowledge of meningioma pathogenesis. Several genes could be identified as targets for mutation or inactivation. Additional chromosomal regions were found to be commonly deleted or amplified, suggesting the presence of further tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes, respectively, in these regions. Histopathologically, the most important innovation is represented by the revised WHO classification in the year 2000. Meningioma grading criteria in the new classification scheme are more precise and objective, and should thus improve consistency in predicting tumor recurrence and aggressive behavior. This review focuses mainly on the advances in molecular biology that were achieved in recent years. It summarizes the most important aspects of meningioma classification as the basis to place biological observations into a correlative context, and, further, includes mechanisms of angiogenesis and edema formation as well as the role of hormone receptors in meningiomas.
在过去5到10年里，我们对脑膜瘤生物学的认识取得了重要进展。分子遗传学方面的进展可能是全面了解脑膜瘤发病机制最重要的成果。有几个基因可被确定为突变或失活的靶点。另外还发现一些染色体区域经常出现缺失或扩增，这分别提示在这些区域存在其他肿瘤抑制基因或原癌基因。在组织病理学方面，最重要的革新是2000年世界卫生组织（WHO）修订的分类。新分类方案中的脑膜瘤分级标准更加精确和客观，因此应该会提高预测肿瘤复发和侵袭性的一致性。本综述主要关注近年来在分子生物学方面取得的进展。它总结了脑膜瘤分类的最重要方面，以此作为将生物学观察结果置于相关背景中的基础，此外，还包括血管生成和水肿形成的机制以及激素受体在脑膜瘤中的作用。
