McDaniel Mark A, Guynn Melissa J, Einstein Gilles O, Breneiser Jennifer
Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131-1161, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2004 May;30(3):605-14. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.30.3.605.
Several theories of event-based prospective memory were evaluated in 3 experiments. The results depended on the association between the target event and the intended action. For associated target-action pairs (a) preexposure of nontargets did not reduce prospective memory, (b) divided attention did not reduce prospective memory, (c) prospective memory was better than when the target event and intended action were not associated, and (d) prospective memory was characterized by retrieval of the precise intended action. These results converge on the view that retrieval is mediated by a reflexive-associative process. In contrast, for unassociated pairs (a) preexposure of nontargets reduced prospective memory, and (b) divided attention reduced prospective memory. These results implicate cue-focused retrieval processes and are most consistent with a discrepancy-plus-search model. The entire pattern implicates both cue-focused and reflexive-associative processes and more generally supports a multiprocess framework of prospective memory (M. A. McDaniel & G. O. Einstein, 2000).
在3个实验中对几种基于事件的前瞻记忆理论进行了评估。结果取决于目标事件与预期行动之间的关联。对于相关的目标 - 行动对：（a）非目标的预暴露不会降低前瞻记忆，（b）注意力分散不会降低前瞻记忆，（c）前瞻记忆比目标事件与预期行动不相关时更好，并且（d）前瞻记忆的特征是精确预期行动的检索。这些结果都指向这样一种观点，即检索是由反射性关联过程介导的。相比之下，对于不相关的对：（a）非目标的预暴露会降低前瞻记忆，并且（b）注意力分散会降低前瞻记忆。这些结果暗示了以线索为中心的检索过程，并且与差异加搜索模型最为一致。整个模式暗示了以线索为中心和反射性关联过程，并且更普遍地支持了前瞻记忆的多过程框架（M. A. 麦克丹尼尔和G. O. 爱因斯坦，2000）。
