Gerend Mary A, Aiken Leona S, West Stephen G, Erchull Mindy J
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
Health Psychol. 2004 May;23(3):247-58. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.23.3.247.
The relationships of epidemiological (objective) risk indices, perceived disease characteristics, and cognitive heuristics to women's perceived susceptibility to breast cancer, heart disease, and osteoporosis in a community sample of 312 women ages 40-86 were examined. Epidemiological indices accounted for a small to moderate proportion of the variance in perceived susceptibility. Psychological factors (perceived similarity to women who contract the target disease and perceived disease prevalence) predicted perceived susceptibility above and beyond medical risk factors. Opposite to actual risk, age correlated negatively with perceived susceptibility to all 3 diseases. Exploratory analyses suggested that perceived similarity, perceived prevalence, and absent/exempt beliefs might mediate this relationship. Confirmatory factor analyses verified that measures of absolute and direct comparative risk assess the same underlying construct of perceived susceptibility.
在一个由312名年龄在40至86岁之间的女性组成的社区样本中，研究了流行病学（客观）风险指数、感知到的疾病特征以及认知启发法与女性对乳腺癌、心脏病和骨质疏松症的感知易感性之间的关系。流行病学指数在感知易感性的方差中占比小到中等。心理因素（与患目标疾病的女性的感知相似性以及感知到的疾病患病率）在医学风险因素之外还能预测感知易感性。与实际风险相反，年龄与对所有三种疾病的感知易感性呈负相关。探索性分析表明，感知相似性、感知患病率以及不存在/豁免信念可能介导了这种关系。验证性因素分析证实，绝对风险和直接比较风险的测量评估的是感知易感性这一相同的潜在结构。
