Deheyn Dimitri D, Bencheikh-Latmani Rizlan, Latz Michael I
Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0202, USA.
Environ Toxicol. 2004 Jun;19(3):161-78. doi: 10.1002/tox.20009.
Metal toxicity is a function of the biology of the target organism and the chemical speciation of the metal. The toxicity of 11 metals was assessed with three cell-based bioassays based on marine organisms: the bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum of the Microtox bioassay, an environmental strain of P. phosphoreum, and photocytes isolated from the brittlestar Ophiopsila californica. Metal speciation was calculated for three commonly used media: NaCl-based Microtox bioassay medium, artificial seawater glycerol, and artificial seawater. Decreased bioluminescence was considered a proxy for cell toxicity. In all three assays the elements Cd and Hg exhibited similar speciation as well as similar toxicity profiles. The element Cu was toxic in all three assays despite different metal speciation for the P. phosphoreum bioassay. The element Ag was toxic to both bacterial strains but not to photocytes despite a similar chemical speciation for all three assays. In general, the Microtox bioassay was sensitive to all metals (except Pb), whereas the photocytes were the least sensitive to the metals. The heightened response of the Microtox bioassay probably resulted from a combination of the limited complexing power of the medium and the greater sensitivity of the bacterial strain.
金属毒性是目标生物体生物学特性和金属化学形态的函数。使用基于海洋生物的三种细胞生物测定法评估了11种金属的毒性：微毒性生物测定法中的费氏弧菌、费氏弧菌的一种环境菌株以及从加州脆海星分离的发光细胞。计算了三种常用培养基中的金属形态：基于氯化钠的微毒性生物测定培养基、人工海水甘油和人工海水。生物发光降低被视为细胞毒性的指标。在所有三种测定中，镉和汞元素表现出相似的形态以及相似的毒性特征。尽管费氏弧菌生物测定中的金属形态不同，但铜元素在所有三种测定中均具有毒性。银元素对两种细菌菌株均有毒性，但对发光细胞无毒，尽管所有三种测定中的化学形态相似。总体而言，微毒性生物测定对所有金属（铅除外）敏感，而发光细胞对金属最不敏感。微毒性生物测定的增强反应可能是由于培养基络合能力有限和细菌菌株敏感性较高共同作用的结果。
