Yang Jun, Liao Anqi, Hu Shulin, Zheng Yiwen, Liang Shuli, Han Shuangyan, Lin Ying
School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Toxics. 2022 May 17;10(5):255. doi: 10.3390/toxics10050255.
Bisphenol A (BPA) and heavy metals are widespread contaminants in the environment. However, the combined toxicities of these contaminants are still unknown. In this study, the bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio qinghaiensis Q67 was used to detect the single and combined toxicities of BPA and heavy metals, then the joint effects of these contaminants were evaluated. The results show that chronic toxicities of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and BPA were time−dependent; in fact, the acute toxicities of these contaminants were stronger than the chronic toxicities. Furthermore, the combined toxicities of BPA and heavy metals displayed BPA + Hg > BPA + Cr > BPA + As > BPA + Ni > BPA + Pb > BPA + Cd in the acute test and BPA + Hg > BPA + Cd > BPA + As > BPA + Cd in the chronic test, which suggested that the combined toxicity of BPA and Hg was stronger than that of other mixtures in acute as well as chronic tests. Additionally, both CA and IA models underestimated the toxicities of mixtures at low concentrations but overestimated them at high concentrations, which indicates that CA and IA models were not suitable to predict the toxicities of mixtures of BPA and heavy metals. Moreover, the joint effects of BPA and heavy metals mainly showed antagonism and additive in the context of acute exposure but synergism and additive in the context of chronic exposure. Indeed, the difference in the joint effects on acute and chronic exposure can be explained by the possibility that mixtures inhibited cell growth and luminescence in chronic cultivation. The chronic toxicity of the mixture should be considered if the mixture results in the inhibition of the growth of cells.
双酚A（BPA）和重金属是环境中广泛存在的污染物。然而，这些污染物的联合毒性仍然未知。在本研究中，利用青海弧菌Q67检测BPA和重金属的单一及联合毒性，然后评估这些污染物的联合效应。结果表明，铬（Cr）、镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）、砷（As）、汞（Hg）、镍（Ni）和BPA的慢性毒性具有时间依赖性；事实上，这些污染物的急性毒性强于慢性毒性。此外，在急性试验中，BPA与重金属的联合毒性表现为BPA + Hg > BPA + Cr > BPA + As > BPA + Ni > BPA + Pb > BPA + Cd，在慢性试验中为BPA + Hg > BPA + Cd > BPA + As > BPA + Cd，这表明在急性和慢性试验中，BPA与Hg的联合毒性均强于其他混合物。此外，浓度相加（CA）模型和独立作用（IA）模型在低浓度时均低估了混合物的毒性，而在高浓度时则高估了毒性，这表明CA模型和IA模型不适用于预测BPA与重金属混合物的毒性。此外，BPA与重金属的联合效应在急性暴露时主要表现为拮抗和相加作用，而在慢性暴露时则表现为协同和相加作用。实际上，急性和慢性暴露联合效应的差异可以通过混合物在慢性培养中抑制细胞生长和发光的可能性来解释。如果混合物导致细胞生长受到抑制，则应考虑混合物的慢性毒性。
