遗传和环境因素对身体各部分变异的影响——一项针对成年人的双胞胎研究

Contribution of genetic and environmental factors to variation in body compartments--a twin study in adults.

作者信息

Hanisch Dorin, Dittmar Manuela, Höhler Thomas, Alt Kurt W

机构信息

Institute of Anthropology, Department of Biology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

出版信息

Anthropol Anz. 2004 Mar;62(1):51-60.

PMID:15109035

Abstract

This study aimed at analyzing the contribution of genetic and environmental factors on phenotypic variation of various traits of body composition. Subjects were 30 same-sexed pairs of twins including 20 monozygous (MZ) and 10 dizygous (DZ) pairs, aged 19-62 years. Zygosity was determined by DNA typing and morphological diagnosis. Body composition parameters (fat mass FM, lean body mass LBM, body cell mass BCM, extracellular mass ECM, total body water TBW, extracellular water ECW, and intracellular water ICW) were estimated by tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis. Potential environmental factors influencing body composition (number of children, sporting activity and smoking behaviour) were determined by questionnaires. Heritabilities for traits of body composition were calculated by use of the twin method. Intraclass correlation is > 0.80 for the variation of LBM, BCM, ECM, TBW, ECW, and ICW in both MZ and DZ twins. Estimated heritability (h2) for FM, LBM, BCM, ECW, TBW, ECW, and ICW is 65%, 77%, 79%, 83%, 76%, 68%, and 82%, respectively. The h2 values for FM and LBM are consistent with those reported in other twin studies. For BCM, ECM, ECW and ICW, no comparative h2 estimates exist. Within-pair differences in body compartments do not change with increasing age in MZ and DZ twin pairs (p > 0.05). Stepwise multiple regression analyses indicate that zygosity, age, sex, number of children, sporting level and smoking behaviour do not significantly predict within-pair differences for weight, BMI, FM, LBM, TBW, ECW and ICW (each, p > 0.05). In contrast, sex and the number of children explain together 27% of observed within-pair differences for BCM. Zygosity is the only significant predictor of within-pair differences for ECM and height, explaining 20% (p = 0.008) and 36% of variance, respectively (p < 0.0001). Results indicate that genetic factors exert stronger influences on body composition than the considered environmental traits.

摘要

本研究旨在分析遗传和环境因素对身体成分各性状表型变异的贡献。研究对象为30对同性双胞胎，包括20对同卵双胞胎（MZ）和10对异卵双胞胎（DZ），年龄在19至62岁之间。通过DNA分型和形态学诊断确定合子性。采用四极生物电阻抗分析法估算身体成分参数（脂肪量FM、瘦体重LBM、身体细胞量BCM、细胞外质量ECM、总体水TBW、细胞外水ECW和细胞内水ICW）。通过问卷调查确定影响身体成分的潜在环境因素（子女数量、体育活动和吸烟行为）。采用双胞胎方法计算身体成分性状的遗传力。同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎中，LBM、BCM、ECM、TBW、ECW和ICW变异的组内相关性均>0.80。FM、LBM、BCM、ECW、TBW、ECW和ICW的估计遗传力（h2）分别为65%、77%、79%、83%、76%、68%和82%。FM和LBM的h2值与其他双胞胎研究报告的结果一致。对于BCM、ECM、ECW和ICW，尚无比较性的h2估计值。同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎对中，身体各部分的组内差异不会随年龄增长而变化（p>0.05）。逐步多元回归分析表明，合子性、年龄、性别、子女数量、体育活动水平和吸烟行为并不能显著预测体重、BMI、FM、LBM、TBW、ECW和ICW的组内差异（每项，p>0.05）。相比之下，性别和子女数量共同解释了BCM观察到的组内差异的27%。合子性是ECM和身高组内差异的唯一显著预测因素，分别解释了20%（p = 0.008）和36%的方差（p < 0.0001）。结果表明，遗传因素对身体成分的影响比所考虑的环境性状更强。