Ransdell Lynda B, Detling Nicole J, Taylor Alison, Reel Justine, Shultz Barry
Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0920, USA.
Women Health. 2004;39(2):63-81. doi: 10.1300/J013v39n02_05.
The primary purpose of this study was to compare two mother-daughter interventions designed to increase fitness and activity and improve physical self-perception (PSP).A secondary purpose was to test two of the proposed mechanisms for using physical activity to enhance PSP. Twenty mother-daughter pairs (n = 40) were randomly assigned to a university-based (UB) or home-based (HB) group. Initially, both groups received classroom training designed to improve PSP. Then, the UB group met three times per week, whereas the HB group received information concerning home-based activities. The Fitnessgram activity questionnaire and fitness test battery were used to measure physical activity and fitness level. The Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP) was used to detect changes in PSP. Separate 2 (group) x 2 (age) x 2 (time) ANOVAs with repeated measures on the last factor were conducted to examine changes in PSP, physical activity, and fitness. Correlations between physical activity, fitness, and PSP were examined to test the two mechanisms. Perceived sports competence and body attractiveness improved in UB and HB mothers and daughters (p =.002 and.005, respectively). UB and HB mothers and daughters increased their participation in aerobic (p =.000 and.015), muscular strength (p =.001 and.001), and flexibility (p =.000 and.000) activities. Support was not provided for the proposed mechanisms for the relationship between physical activity and PSP. These interventions demonstrate the potential to foster positive short-term changes in PSP and physical activity in mothers and daughters. More research is needed to test mechanisms explaining the relationship between activity and PSP.
本研究的主要目的是比较两种旨在提高健康水平和活动量并改善身体自我认知（PSP）的母女干预措施。次要目的是检验所提出的两种利用体育活动增强PSP的机制。二十对母女（n = 40）被随机分配到基于大学的（UB）或基于家庭的（HB）组。最初，两组都接受旨在改善PSP的课堂培训。然后，UB组每周会面三次，而HB组收到有关家庭活动的信息。使用Fitnessgram活动问卷和体能测试组合来测量体育活动和健康水平。使用身体自我认知概况（PSPP）来检测PSP的变化。进行单独的2（组）×2（年龄）×2（时间）方差分析，对最后一个因素进行重复测量，以检查PSP、体育活动和健康状况的变化。检验体育活动、健康状况和PSP之间的相关性以测试这两种机制。UB组和HB组的母女在感知运动能力和身体吸引力方面均有所改善（p值分别为.002和.005）。UB组和HB组的母女增加了对有氧运动（p值分别为.000和.015）、肌肉力量（p值分别为.001和.001）和柔韧性（p值分别为.000和.000）活动的参与度。对于所提出的体育活动与PSP之间关系的机制未提供支持。这些干预措施表明有可能促进母女在PSP和体育活动方面产生积极的短期变化。需要更多研究来测试解释活动与PSP之间关系的机制。
