Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan Campus, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,
Sports Med. 2014 Sep;44(9):1209-23. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0196-4.
Physical fitness during childhood and adolescence has been identified as an important determinant of current and future health status. While research has traditionally focused on the association between cardio-respiratory fitness and health outcomes, the association between muscular fitness (MF) and health status has recently received increased attention.
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the potential physiological and psychological benefits associated with MF among children and adolescents.
A systematic search of six electronic databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, EMBASE, PsycINFO and OVID MEDLINE) was performed on the 20th May, 2013. Cross-sectional, longitudinal and experimental studies that quantitatively examined the association between MF and potential health benefits among children and adolescents were included. The search yielded 110 eligible studies, encompassing six health outcomes (i.e., adiposity, bone health, cardiovascular disease [CVD] and metabolic risk factors, musculoskeletal pain, psychological health and cognitive ability). The percentage of studies reporting statistically significant associations between MF and the outcome of interest was used to determine the strength of the evidence for an association and additional coding was conducted to account for risk of bias. Meta-analyses were also performed to determine the pooled effect size if there were at least three studies providing standardised coefficients.
Strong evidence was found for an inverse association between MF and total and central adiposity, and CVD and metabolic risk factors. The pooled effect size for the relationship between MF and adiposity was r = -0.25 (95% CI -0.41 to -0.08). Strong evidence was also found for a positive association between MF and bone health and self-esteem. The pooled effect size for the relationship between MF and perceived sports competence was r = 0.39 (95% CI 0.34-0.45). The evidence for an association between MF and musculoskeletal pain and cognitive ability was inconsistent/uncertain. Where evidence of an association was found, the associations were generally low to moderate.
The findings of this review highlight the importance of developing MF in youth for a number of health-related benefits.
儿童和青少年时期的身体健康状况已被确定为当前和未来健康状况的重要决定因素。虽然传统的研究主要集中在心肺健康与健康结果之间的关系上，但肌肉健康（MF）与健康状况之间的关系最近受到了更多的关注。
本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在评估儿童和青少年 MF 与潜在生理和心理益处之间的关系。
于 2013 年 5 月 20 日在六个电子数据库（PubMed、SPORTDiscus、Scopus、EMBASE、PsycINFO 和 OVID MEDLINE）进行了系统搜索。纳入了定量研究 MF 与儿童和青少年潜在健康益处之间关系的横断面、纵向和实验研究。搜索结果产生了 110 项符合条件的研究，涵盖了 6 项健康结果（即肥胖、骨骼健康、心血管疾病[CVD]和代谢危险因素、肌肉骨骼疼痛、心理健康和认知能力）。用于确定 MF 与感兴趣的结果之间关联的证据强度的是报告 MF 与研究结果之间存在统计学显著关联的研究比例，并且还进行了额外的编码以说明偏倚风险。如果有至少三项研究提供了标准化系数，则进行荟萃分析以确定合并效应大小。
有强有力的证据表明 MF 与总体和中心肥胖、CVD 和代谢危险因素之间呈负相关。MF 与肥胖之间的关系的合并效应大小为 r = -0.25（95%CI-0.41 至-0.08）。也有强有力的证据表明 MF 与骨骼健康和自尊呈正相关。MF 与感知运动能力之间的关系的合并效应大小为 r = 0.39（95%CI 0.34-0.45）。MF 与肌肉骨骼疼痛和认知能力之间的关联证据不一致/不确定。在发现关联的地方，关联通常是低到中度的。
本综述的结果强调了在年轻人中发展 MF 的重要性，因为这对许多与健康相关的益处很重要。
