Nold Joan L, Georgieff Michael K
Department of Pediatrics and Child Development, University of Minnesota, MMC 39, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2004 Jun;51(3):619-37, viii. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2004.01.003.
Advances in the management of the mother with diabetes have reduced the rate of morbidity and mortality for her infant. Aggressive control of maternal glycemic status is warranted, because most morbidities are epidemiologically and pathophysiologically closely linked to fetal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. The burgeoning public health problem of overweight and obesity in children will likely result in an increased incidence of metabolic syndrome X, characterized by insulin resistance and type II diabetes in adulthood. An early manifestation of this may be glucose intolerance during pregnancy in overweight women without diabetes. Clinicians must continue to have a high degree of suspicion for the diagnosis of diabetes during gestation and screen offspring of women with gestational diabetes for neonatal sequelae.
糖尿病母亲管理方面的进展降低了其婴儿的发病率和死亡率。积极控制母体血糖状况是必要的，因为大多数疾病在流行病学和病理生理学上与胎儿高血糖和高胰岛素血症密切相关。儿童超重和肥胖这一日益严重的公共卫生问题可能会导致代谢综合征X的发病率增加，其特征为成年期胰岛素抵抗和II型糖尿病。这一情况的早期表现可能是无糖尿病的超重女性在孕期出现糖耐量异常。临床医生必须继续高度怀疑妊娠期糖尿病的诊断，并对患有妊娠期糖尿病的女性的后代进行新生儿后遗症筛查。
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