Vine N G, Leukes W D, Kaiser H, Daya S, Baxter J, Hecht T
Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.
J Fish Dis. 2004 Jun;27(6):319-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00542.x.
Probiotics for aquaculture are generally only selected by their ability to produce antimicrobial metabolites; however, attachment to intestinal mucus is important in order to remain within the gut of its host. Five candidate probiotics (AP1-AP5), isolated from the clownfish, Amphiprion percula (Lacepéde), were examined for their ability to attach to fish intestinal mucus and compete with two pathogens, Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio alginolyticus. Two different radioactive isotopes were used to quantify competition between pathogens and probionts. Attachment of the pathogens was enhanced by the presence of the candidate probiotics. However, the addition of the candidate probiotics after the pathogens resulted in reduced pathogen attachment. Only AP5 caused lower attachment success of V. alginolyticus when added before the pathogen. When AP5 was added first, the average attachment change was 41% compared with 72% when added after V. alginolyticus, suggesting that the probiotic is displaced but that enhanced attachment of the pathogen does not occur. Conversely, when V. alginolyticus was added first, followed by AP5, attachment change was 37% while AP5 had 92% attachment change when added second. This implies that the pathogen was displaced by the candidate probiotic and therefore it appeared that, based on the ability of probiont AP5 to attach to mucus, the growth of the pathogen in the digestive tract might be suppressed by the candidate probiont's presence.
水产养殖用益生菌通常仅根据其产生抗菌代谢物的能力来选择；然而，附着于肠道黏液对于益生菌在宿主肠道内留存很重要。从双带小丑鱼（Amphiprion percula，拉塞佩德）中分离出的5株候选益生菌（AP1 - AP5），检测了它们附着于鱼肠道黏液以及与两种病原菌嗜水气单胞菌和溶藻弧菌竞争的能力。使用两种不同的放射性同位素来量化病原菌与益生菌之间的竞争。候选益生菌的存在增强了病原菌的附着。然而，在病原菌之后添加候选益生菌会导致病原菌附着减少。只有AP5在病原菌之前添加时会使溶藻弧菌的附着成功率降低。当首先添加AP5时，平均附着变化为41%，而在溶藻弧菌之后添加时为72%，这表明益生菌被取代，但病原菌的附着未增强。相反，当首先添加溶藻弧菌，然后添加AP5时，附着变化为37%，而当AP5第二次添加时附着变化为92%。这意味着病原菌被候选益生菌取代，因此基于益生菌AP5附着于黏液的能力，候选益生菌的存在可能会抑制病原菌在消化道中的生长。
