Nikoskelainen S, Salminen S, Bylund G, Ouwehand A C
Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Jun;67(6):2430-5. doi: 10.1128/AEM.67.6.2430-2435.2001.
The present study aimed to investigate the potential probiotic properties of six lactic acid bacteria (LAB) intended for human use, Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103, Lactobacillus casei Shirota, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, L. rhamnosus LC 705, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, and Lactobacillus johnsonii La1, and one for animal use, Enterococcus faecium Tehobak, for use as a fish probiotic. The strains for human use were specifically chosen since they are known to be safe for human use, which is of major importance because the fish are meant for human consumption. The selection was carried out by five different methods: mucosal adhesion, mucosal penetration, inhibition of pathogen growth and adhesion, and resistance to fish bile. The adhesion abilities of the seven LAB and three fish pathogens, Vibrio anguillarum, Aeromonas salmonicida, and Flavobacterium psychrophilum, were determined to mucus from five different sites on the surface or in the gut of rainbow trout. Five of the tested LAB strains showed considerable adhesion to different fish mucus types (14 to 26% of the added bacteria). Despite their adhesive character, the LAB strains were not able to inhibit the mucus binding of A. salmonicida. Coculture experiments showed significant inhibition of growth of A. salmonicida, which was mediated by competition for nutrients rather than secretion of inhibitory substances by the probiotic bacteria as measured in spent culture liquid. All LAB except L. casei Shirota showed tolerance against fish bile. L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 and L. bulgaricus were found to penetrate fish mucus better than other probiotic bacteria. Based on bile resistance, mucus adhesion, mucus penetration, and suppression of fish pathogen growth, L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 and L. bulgaricus can be considered for future in vivo challenge studies in fish as a novel and safe treatment in aquaculture.
本研究旨在调查六种供人类使用的乳酸菌（LAB），即鼠李糖乳杆菌ATCC 53103、干酪乳杆菌代田株、保加利亚乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌LC 705、双歧杆菌Bb12和约翰逊乳杆菌La1，以及一种供动物使用的屎肠球菌Tehobak作为鱼类益生菌的潜在益生菌特性。选择供人类使用的菌株是因为它们已知对人类使用安全，这一点至关重要，因为这些鱼是供人类食用的。通过五种不同方法进行筛选：粘膜粘附、粘膜穿透、抑制病原体生长和粘附以及对鱼胆汁的抗性。测定了七种LAB以及三种鱼类病原体鳗弧菌、杀鲑气单胞菌和嗜冷黄杆菌对虹鳟鱼体表或肠道五个不同部位粘液的粘附能力。五种测试的LAB菌株对不同类型的鱼粘液表现出相当强的粘附性（占添加细菌的14%至26%）。尽管LAB菌株具有粘附特性，但它们无法抑制杀鲑气单胞菌与粘液的结合。共培养实验表明，杀鲑气单胞菌的生长受到显著抑制，这是由对营养物质的竞争介导的，而非如在用过的培养液中所测，由益生菌分泌抑制物质所致。除干酪乳杆菌代田株外，所有LAB都表现出对鱼胆汁的耐受性。发现鼠李糖乳杆菌ATCC 53103和保加利亚乳杆菌比其他益生菌更能穿透鱼粘液。基于胆汁抗性、粘液粘附、粘液穿透以及对鱼类病原体生长的抑制作用，鼠李糖乳杆菌ATCC 53103和保加利亚乳杆菌可被考虑用于未来鱼类体内攻毒研究，作为水产养殖中的一种新型安全治疗方法。
