Leclerc Vincent, Reichhart Jean-Marc
Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France.
Immunol Rev. 2004 Apr;198:59-71. doi: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.0130.x.
The response of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to various microorganism infections relies on a multilayered defense. The epithelia constitute a first and efficient barrier. Innate immunity is activated when microorganisms succeed in entering the body cavity of the fly. Invading microorganisms are killed by the combined action of cellular and humoral processes. They are phagocytosed by specialized blood cells, surrounded by toxic melanin, or lysed by antibacterial peptides secreted into the hemolymph by fat body cells. During the last few years, research has focused on the mechanisms of microbial recognition by various pattern recognition receptors and of the subsequent induction of antimicrobial peptide expression. The cellular arm of the Drosophila innate immune system, which was somehow neglected, now constitutes the new frontier.
果蝇黑腹果蝇对各种微生物感染的反应依赖于多层防御。上皮组织构成了第一道有效的屏障。当微生物成功进入果蝇的体腔时，先天免疫就会被激活。入侵的微生物通过细胞和体液过程的联合作用被杀死。它们被专门的血细胞吞噬，被有毒的黑色素包围，或者被脂肪体细胞分泌到血淋巴中的抗菌肽裂解。在过去几年中，研究集中在各种模式识别受体对微生物的识别机制以及随后抗菌肽表达的诱导机制上。果蝇先天免疫系统中曾被某种程度忽视的细胞部分，现在成为了新的前沿领域。
