Owen Neville, Humpel Nancy, Leslie Eva, Bauman Adrian, Sallis James F
Cancer Prevention Research Centre, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Am J Prev Med. 2004 Jul;27(1):67-76. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.03.006.
Understanding how environmental attributes can influence particular physical activity behaviors is a public health research priority. Walking is the most common physical activity behavior of adults; environmental innovations may be able to influence rates of participation.
Review of studies on relationships of objectively assessed and perceived environmental attributes with walking. Associations with environmental attributes were examined separately for exercise and recreational walking, walking to get to and from places, and total walking.
Eighteen studies were identified. Aesthetic attributes, convenience of facilities for walking (sidewalks, trails); accessibility of destinations (stores, park, beach); and perceptions about traffic and busy roads were found to be associated with walking for particular purposes. Attributes associated with walking for exercise were different from those associated with walking to get to and from places.
While few studies have examined specific environment-walking relationships, early evidence is promising. Key elements of the research agenda are developing reliable and valid measures of environmental attributes and walking behaviors, determining whether environment-behavior relationships are causal, and developing theoretical models that account for environmental influences and their interactions with other determinants.
了解环境因素如何影响特定的身体活动行为是公共卫生研究的重点。步行是成年人最常见的身体活动行为；环境创新或许能够影响参与率。
回顾关于客观评估的和感知到的环境因素与步行之间关系的研究。分别考察了环境因素与锻炼性步行、休闲性步行、往返出行步行以及总步行量之间的关联。
共识别出18项研究。美观属性、步行设施（人行道、步道）的便利性、目的地（商店、公园、海滩）的可达性以及对交通和繁忙道路的感知被发现与特定目的的步行有关。与锻炼性步行相关的因素不同于与往返出行步行相关的因素。
虽然很少有研究考察特定的环境与步行的关系，但早期证据很有前景。研究议程的关键要素包括开发可靠且有效的环境因素和步行行为测量方法，确定环境与行为的关系是否具有因果性，以及开发能够解释环境影响及其与其他决定因素相互作用的理论模型。
