Eklind Ylva, Hjelm Olof, Kothéus Malin, Kirchmann Holger
Department of Soil Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
Chemosphere. 2004 Aug;56(5):475-80. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.040.
Standardized household waste was mixed with different litter amendments, straw, leaves, hardwood shavings, softwood shavings, paper, and sphagnum peat, resulting in six compost mixtures. In addition non-amended household waste was composted. Composting was done in small rotatable bins and compost samples were taken on a regular basis until day 590. Extraction and analysis of wet compost samples showed no evidence for the presence of chloroorganic compounds. Drying and re-wetting of compost samples, however, revealed that chloromethoxybenzaldehyde (CMBA) was formed in all composts at concentrations varying between 5.6 and 73.4 microg kg(-1) dry matter. CMBA was not present in the original materials. During composting, there was a clear positive relation between formation of CMBA and microbial activity, as indicated by C losses and temperature. Formation took place during the most intensive phase of composting when C losses were highest. Under anaerobic conditions, however, which prevailed initially in the non-amended compost, no CMBA was formed. Calculation of total amounts of CMBA in composts revealed that there was a small decrease during storage in the hardwood, peat, and softwood composts. However, all composts contained CMBA after 590 days. The mean concentration was 33.4 microg kg(-1) dry matter (s.d. = 21.9). Possible biocidal effects of composts when used in cultivation may be explainable by the presence of natural toxic compounds formed during composting.
将标准化的家庭垃圾与不同的垃圾改良剂混合，包括稻草、树叶、硬木刨花、软木刨花、纸张和泥炭藓泥炭，制成六种堆肥混合物。此外，对未改良的家庭垃圾进行堆肥处理。堆肥在小型可旋转垃圾桶中进行，并定期采集堆肥样品，直至第590天。对湿堆肥样品的提取和分析表明，没有证据表明存在氯有机化合物。然而，堆肥样品的干燥和再湿润显示，所有堆肥中均形成了氯甲氧基苯甲醛（CMBA），其浓度在5.6至73.4微克/千克干物质之间变化。原始材料中不存在CMBA。在堆肥过程中，CMBA的形成与微生物活性之间存在明显的正相关关系，这可通过碳损失和温度来表明。形成过程发生在堆肥最强烈的阶段，此时碳损失最高。然而，在未改良堆肥最初占主导的厌氧条件下，未形成CMBA。堆肥中CMBA总量的计算表明，硬木、泥炭和软木堆肥在储存期间略有下降。然而，所有堆肥在590天后都含有CMBA。平均浓度为33.4微克/千克干物质（标准差=21.9）。堆肥在种植中使用时可能产生的杀菌作用，或许可以通过堆肥过程中形成的天然有毒化合物的存在来解释。
