西班牙阿塔普埃尔卡山脉中更新世人类的听觉能力。
Auditory capacities in Middle Pleistocene humans from the Sierra de Atapuerca in Spain.
作者信息
Martínez I, Rosa M, Arsuaga J-L, Jarabo P, Quam R, Lorenzo C, Gracia A, Carretero J-M, Bermúdez de Castro J-M, Carbonell E
机构信息
Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Alcalá, Edificio de Ciencias, Campus Universitario, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jul 6;101(27):9976-81. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0403595101. Epub 2004 Jun 22.
Human hearing differs from that of chimpanzees and most other anthropoids in maintaining a relatively high sensitivity from 2 kHz up to 4 kHz, a region that contains relevant acoustic information in spoken language. Knowledge of the auditory capacities in human fossil ancestors could greatly enhance the understanding of when this human pattern emerged during the course of our evolutionary history. Here we use a comprehensive physical model to analyze the influence of skeletal structures on the acoustic filtering of the outer and middle ears in five fossil human specimens from the Middle Pleistocene site of the Sima de los Huesos in the Sierra de Atapuerca of Spain. Our results show that the skeletal anatomy in these hominids is compatible with a human-like pattern of sound power transmission through the outer and middle ear at frequencies up to 5 kHz, suggesting that they already had auditory capacities similar to those of living humans in this frequency range.
人类听觉与黑猩猩及大多数其他类人猿不同，在2千赫至4千赫范围内保持相对较高的灵敏度，该区域包含了口语中的相关声学信息。了解人类化石祖先的听觉能力，有助于极大地增进我们对这种人类模式在进化历史进程中何时出现的理解。在这里，我们使用一个综合物理模型，来分析西班牙阿塔普埃尔卡山脉西玛德洛斯休索斯中更新世遗址的五个化石人类标本的骨骼结构对外耳和中耳声学过滤的影响。我们的结果表明，这些原始人类的骨骼解剖结构与频率高达5千赫时外耳和中耳类似人类的声功率传输模式相符，这表明它们在该频率范围内已经具备了与现代人类相似的听觉能力。
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