Anderson Judy E, Wozniak Ashley C
Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2004 May;82(5):300-10. doi: 10.1139/y04-020.
Knowledge of the events underlying satellite cell activation and the counterpart maintenance of quiescence is essential for planning therapies that will promote the growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle in healthy, disease and aging. By modeling those events of satellite cell activation in studies of single muscle fibers or muscles in culture, the roles of mechanical stretching and nitric oxide are becoming understood. Recent studies demonstrated that stretch-induced activation is very rapid and exhibits some features of satellite cell heterogeneity. As well, gene expression studies showed that expression of the c-met receptor gene rises rapidly after stretching muscles in culture compared to those without stretch. This change in gene expression during activation, and the maintenance of quiescence in both normal and dystrophic muscles are dependent on NO, as they are blocked by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Mechanical, contractile activity is the defining feature of muscle function. Therefore, ongoing studies of stretch effects in satellite cell activation and quiescence in quiescent fiber and muscle cultures provides appropriate models by which to explore the regulatory steps in muscle in vivo under many conditions related to disease, repair, rehabilitation, growth and the prevention or treatment of atrophy.
了解卫星细胞激活背后的事件以及静止状态的相应维持，对于规划促进健康、患病和衰老状态下骨骼肌生长与再生的治疗方法至关重要。通过在单根肌纤维或培养的肌肉研究中对卫星细胞激活事件进行建模，机械拉伸和一氧化氮的作用正逐渐被人们所理解。最近的研究表明，拉伸诱导的激活非常迅速，并且表现出卫星细胞异质性的一些特征。同样，基因表达研究表明，与未拉伸的肌肉相比，培养的肌肉在拉伸后c-met受体基因的表达迅速升高。激活过程中这种基因表达的变化以及正常和营养不良肌肉中静止状态的维持均依赖于一氧化氮，因为它们会被一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的抑制所阻断。机械收缩活动是肌肉功能的决定性特征。因此，目前对卫星细胞激活以及静止纤维和肌肉培养中静止状态的拉伸效应的研究提供了合适的模型，借此可以探索在许多与疾病、修复、康复、生长以及萎缩的预防或治疗相关的条件下体内肌肉的调节步骤。
