Fung Frederick, Clark Richard F
Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group, San Diego University of California, San Diego, California 92101, USA.
J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004;42(2):217-34. doi: 10.1081/clt-120030947.
Diseases caused by fungi are spread by direct implantation or inhalation of spores. Fungi can cause adverse human health effects to many organ systems. In addition to infection and allergy, fungi can produce mycotoxins and organic chemicals that are responsible for various toxicologic effects. We reviewed the published literature on important mycotoxins and systemic effects of mycotoxins. Scientific literature revealed a linkage between ingesting mycotoxin contaminated food and illness, especially hepatic, gastrointestinal, and carcinogenic diseases. Issues related to mycotoxin exposure, specific diseases, and management are discussed. Although there is agreement that diet is the main source of mycotoxin exposure, specific health effects and risk assessment from indoor nonagricultural exposure are limited by the paucity of scientific evidence currently available. Further research on the health effects of inhaling mycotoxins in indoor settings is needed.
由真菌引起的疾病通过孢子的直接植入或吸入传播。真菌可对人体多个器官系统造成不良健康影响。除感染和过敏外，真菌还可产生霉菌毒素和有机化学物质，这些物质会导致各种毒理学效应。我们回顾了关于重要霉菌毒素及其全身效应的已发表文献。科学文献揭示了摄入受霉菌毒素污染的食物与疾病之间的联系，尤其是肝脏疾病、胃肠道疾病和致癌性疾病。文中讨论了与霉菌毒素暴露、特定疾病及管理相关的问题。尽管人们一致认为饮食是霉菌毒素暴露的主要来源，但目前可获得的科学证据匮乏，限制了对室内非农业暴露所产生的特定健康影响及风险评估。需要进一步研究室内环境中吸入霉菌毒素对健康的影响。
