大豆皮作为马的替代饲料。

Soybean hulls as an alternative feed for horses.

作者信息

Coverdale J A, Moore J A, Tyler H D, Miller-Auwerda P A

机构信息

Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.

出版信息

J Anim Sci. 2004 Jun;82(6):1663-8. doi: 10.2527/2004.8261663x.

DOI:10.2527/2004.8261663x

PMID:15216992

Abstract

Soybean hulls have been successfully fed to ruminant animals as an economical substitute for hay. This feedstuff is a source of highly digestible fiber that does not contain starch. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate soybean hulls as a replacement fiber in horse diets. Four cecally cannulated Quarter Horse geldings, aged 6 to 10 yr and averaging 502 kg, were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Diets consisted of alfalfa/bromegrass hay (14.4% CP, 58.1% NDF, 39.1% ADF; DM basis) with the replacement of either 0, 25, 50, or 75% (as-fed basis) unpelleted soybean hulls (13.1% CP, 60.6% NDF, 43.7% ADF; DM basis). Diets were offered at 1.8% of BW (DM) daily and body weights were measured weekly. Cecal samples (90 min after feeding) and total fecal collections (3 d) were taken at the end of each treatment period. Fecal collection bags were emptied every 6 h and 10% of the total amount was frozen for later analysis. Total cecal VFA production increased linearly (P = 0.02) from 70 mM to 109 mM as proportions of soybean hulls in diets increased. Proportions of propionate increased linearly (P < 0.01) with means of 15.7, 18.0, 16.6, and 21.9 mol/100 mol total VFA for the 0, 25, 50, and 75% soybean hulls diets respectively. Proportions of butyrate decreased linearly (P < 0.01) from 5.3 to 3.9 mol/100 mol total VFA. The acetate:propionate ratio decreased linearly (P = 0.02) and cubically (P = 0.03) with means of 4.9, 4.2, 4.9, and 3.3. Apparent digestibility of DM (P = 0.95), OM (P = 0.70), NDF (P = 0.34), ADF (P = 0.31), cellulose (P = 0.93), and hemicellulose (P = 0.25) did not differ among treatments. Apparent digestibility of N decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as concentrations of soybean hulls increased in the diet, and this response was associated with increased cecal fermentation and microbial biomass production. Cecal pH decreased linearly (P = 0.01) from 7.00 to 6.45 as the level of soybean hulls increased, but there was no change (P = 0.68 for the linear effect) for cecal ammonia (mean concentration of 3.85 mM). Soybean hulls stimulate cecal fermentation and are a suitable replacement for hay in equine diets.

摘要

大豆皮已成功作为干草的经济替代品喂给反刍动物。这种饲料是一种不含淀粉的高消化率纤维来源。本试验的目的是评估大豆皮作为马日粮中纤维替代品的效果。选用4匹6至10岁、平均体重502千克的盲肠插管夸特马 geldings，采用4×4拉丁方设计，试验期为21天。日粮由苜蓿/雀麦干草（干物质基础下粗蛋白含量14.4%、中性洗涤纤维含量58.1%、酸性洗涤纤维含量39.1%）组成，分别用0%、25%、50%或75%（风干基础）的未制粒大豆皮（干物质基础下粗蛋白含量13.1%、中性洗涤纤维含量60.6%、酸性洗涤纤维含量43.7%）替代。日粮按体重（干物质）的1.8%每日投喂，每周测量体重。在每个处理期结束时采集盲肠样本（喂食后90分钟）和总粪便样本（3天）。粪便收集袋每间隔6小时清空一次，总量的10%冷冻以备后续分析。随着日粮中大豆皮比例增加，盲肠挥发性脂肪酸总产量从70毫摩尔线性增加至109毫摩尔（P = 0.02）。丙酸比例线性增加（P < 0.01），0%、25%、50%和75%大豆皮日粮的丙酸比例分别为15.7、18.0、16.6和21.9摩尔/100摩尔总挥发性脂肪酸。丁酸比例从5.3摩尔/1百摩尔总挥发性脂肪酸线性降至3.9摩尔/1百摩尔总挥发性脂肪酸（P < 0.01）。乙酸:丙酸比例线性（P = 0.02）和三次方（P = 0.03）下降，均值分别为4.9、4.2、4.9和3.3。各处理间干物质（P = 0.95）、有机物（P = 0.70）、中性洗涤纤维（P = 0.34）、酸性洗涤纤维（P = 0.31）、纤维素（P = 0.93）和半纤维素（P = 0.25）的表观消化率无差异。随着日粮中大豆皮浓度增加，氮的表观消化率线性下降（P < 0.01），这种反应与盲肠发酵增加和微生物生物量产生有关。随着大豆皮水平增加，盲肠pH从7.00线性降至6.45（P = 0.01），但盲肠氨（平均浓度3.85毫摩尔）无变化（线性效应P = 0.68）。大豆皮刺激盲肠发酵，是马日粮中干草的合适替代品。