Krusinski Lucas, Maciel Isabella C F, van Vliet Stephan, Ahsin Muhammad, Adams Julianna, Lu Guanqi, Bitler Chad A, Rowntree Jason E, Fenton Jenifer I
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Schmid College of Science and Technology, Food Science Program, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.
NPJ Sci Food. 2024 Oct 4;8(1):73. doi: 10.1038/s41538-024-00315-5.
Beef raised using rotational grazing practices on biodiverse pastures offers potential benefits to animal and environmental health and can improve the nutrient density of meat to favor human health. However, many cattle producers contend with the seasonal unavailability of fresh forage, necessitating the utilization of supplementary feeds or indoor feeding. The objective of this study was to profile secondary metabolites and fatty acids in grass-finished beef supplemented with different feeds (4.5 kg/head/day) and to explore the potential for grass-finished beef authentication. In this two-year study, steers (n = 115) were randomly allocated to one of four diets: 1) pastured/supplemented with hay (control group), 2) pastured/supplemented with baleage, 3) pastured/supplemented with soybean hulls, or 4) baleage/soybean hulls in confinement. Secondary metabolites and fatty acids were measured using UHPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS, respectively. Of the 94 measured metabolites, pyridoxine, alpha-tocopherol, hippuric acid, and gallic acid differed between diets (p < 0.05 for all). Based on random forest classification, beef from the pasture/hay, pasture/baleage, pasture/soybean hulls, and confinement baleage/soybean hulls groups could be identified with a predictive accuracy of 100%, 50%, 41%, and 97%, respectively. Although minimal significant differences were observed, our data indicate that certain supplemental feeds maintain favorable nutritional profiles of grass-finished beef. In addition, metabolomics can predict cattle on exclusively forage-based or feed-based diets with a high degree of certainty.
在生物多样性丰富的牧场上采用轮牧方式饲养的牛肉，对动物健康和环境健康具有潜在益处，并且可以提高肉的营养密度，有利于人类健康。然而，许多养牛户面临着新鲜草料季节性短缺的问题，因此需要使用补充饲料或进行室内饲养。本研究的目的是分析用不同饲料（4.5千克/头/天）补充的草饲牛肉中的次生代谢产物和脂肪酸，并探索草饲牛肉鉴别的潜力。在这项为期两年的研究中，将115头阉牛随机分配到四种日粮之一：1）放牧/补充干草（对照组），2）放牧/补充青贮饲料，3）放牧/补充大豆皮，或4）圈养青贮饲料/大豆皮。分别使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UHPLC-MS/MS）和气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）测量次生代谢产物和脂肪酸。在所测量的94种代谢产物中，日粮之间的吡哆醇、α-生育酚、马尿酸和没食子酸存在差异（均p<0.05）。基于随机森林分类，来自牧场/干草、牧场/青贮饲料、牧场/大豆皮和圈养青贮饲料/大豆皮组的牛肉分别以100%、50%、41%和97%的预测准确率得以鉴别。尽管观察到的显著差异极小，但我们的数据表明，某些补充饲料能维持草饲牛肉良好的营养状况。此外，代谢组学可以高度准确地预测完全以草料为基础或饲料为基础日粮饲养的牛。
