Transposition of the brachial vein: a new source for autologous arteriovenous fistulas.

Increasing the prevalence of arteriovenous fistula over arteriovenous synthetic graft is critical for decreasing the morbidity and costs of dialysis patients. This is highlighted in the guidelines set forth by The National Kidney Foundation-Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF-DOQI), which encourage the increased use of autogenous vein in fistula creation. In addition to the basilic and cephalic veins, another source of autogenous vein is the brachial vein, a deep vein of the upper arm. Here we describe 2 patients with absence of adequate superficial veins, in whom a transposed brachial vein was used for the creation of an arteriovenous fistula.