Szymkiewicz Iwona, Shupliakov Oleg, Dikic Ivan
Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
Biochem J. 2004 Oct 1;383(Pt 1):1-11. doi: 10.1042/BJ20040913.
The endocytosis of membrane receptors is a complex and tightly controlled process that is essential for maintaining cellular homoeostasis. The removal of receptors from the cell surface can be constitutive or ligand-induced, and occurs in a clathrin-dependent or -independent manner. The recruitment of receptors into specialized membrane domains, the formation of vesicles and the trafficking of receptors together with their ligands within endocytic compartments are regulated by reversible protein modifications, and multiple protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. Recent reports describe a variety of multidomain molecules that facilitate receptor endocytosis and function as platforms for the assembly of protein complexes. These scaffold proteins typically act in a cargo-specific manner, recognizing one or more receptor types, or function at the level of endocytic cellular microcompartments by controlling the movement of cargo molecules and linking endocytic machineries to signalling pathways. In the present review we summarize present knowledge on endocytic scaffold molecules and discuss their functions.
膜受体的内吞作用是一个复杂且受到严格调控的过程，对于维持细胞内稳态至关重要。受体从细胞表面的移除可以是组成型的或由配体诱导的，并且以网格蛋白依赖性或非依赖性方式发生。受体募集到特殊膜结构域、囊泡的形成以及受体与其配体在内吞小室中的运输受到可逆蛋白质修饰以及多种蛋白质 - 蛋白质和蛋白质 - 脂质相互作用的调节。最近的报道描述了多种促进受体内吞作用并作为蛋白质复合物组装平台的多结构域分子。这些支架蛋白通常以货物特异性方式发挥作用，识别一种或多种受体类型，或者通过控制货物分子的移动并将内吞机制与信号通路相连，在内吞细胞微区室水平发挥功能。在本综述中，我们总结了关于内吞支架分子的现有知识并讨论了它们的功能。
