Robinson Michael E, Wise Emily A
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, PO Box 100165 HSC, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0165, USA.
J Pain. 2004 Jun;5(5):264-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2004.04.003.
Research examining perceptions of subjects participating in an experimental pain task has not been widely studied. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the influence of prior experience with the cold pressor on subsequent perceptions of others experiencing this same pain task. Furthermore, to replicate our previous work, we examined how individuals observe experimentally induced pain in male and female participants. Possible interactions between order of cold pressor experience, sex of the viewer, sex of the individual being observed, and characteristics attributed to the individuals in the videos were also analyzed. The sample was composed of 57 participants. They were each randomized to 1 of 2 conditions: (1) participate in cold pressor task before viewing a presentation of 10 video clips (of subjects in cold pressor task), rate videos, and complete battery of questionnaires or (2) cold pressor participation after completion of the same questionnaires, and viewing/rating videos. Participants viewing the videos provided ratings including observed pain and emotional characteristics they attributed to the individuals. These results replicated and extended our previous work by demonstrating a gender bias (ie, a stereotypical belief about an individual on the basis of their sex) in the observation of pain, such that participants rated female subjects as experiencing greater pain intensity when undergoing a cold pressor task compared to male subjects. Furthermore, experiencing the cold pressor before watching the videos increased a participant's pain ratings of observed pain. There were also several significant interactions between cold pressor condition, sex of video participant, sex of viewer, and emotional/behavioral characteristics attributed to the video participant.
Results of this study demonstrate that prior experience with pain increases accuracy of estimating others' pain. Gender role expectations also influence observer's ratings of pain, and prior experience of pain influences men and women differently.
关于参与实验性疼痛任务的受试者认知的研究尚未得到广泛开展。本研究的主要目的是考察先前冷加压体验对后续对他人经历相同疼痛任务的认知的影响。此外，为了重复我们之前的研究，我们考察了个体如何观察男性和女性参与者实验诱导的疼痛。还分析了冷加压体验顺序、观察者性别、被观察个体性别以及视频中个体的特征之间可能存在的相互作用。样本由57名参与者组成。他们被随机分为两种情况之一：（1）在观看10个视频片段（关于冷加压任务中的受试者）展示之前参与冷加压任务，对视频进行评分，并完成一系列问卷，或者（2）在完成相同问卷并观看/评分视频之后参与冷加压任务。观看视频的参与者给出的评分包括他们归因于个体的观察到的疼痛和情绪特征。这些结果重复并扩展了我们之前的研究，表明在疼痛观察中存在性别偏见（即基于性别对个体的刻板信念），即与男性受试者相比，参与者在冷加压任务中对女性受试者经历的疼痛强度评分更高。此外，在观看视频之前体验冷加压会提高参与者对观察到的疼痛的评分。冷加压情况、视频参与者性别、观察者性别以及归因于视频参与者的情绪/行为特征之间也存在一些显著的相互作用。
本研究结果表明，先前的疼痛体验会提高估计他人疼痛的准确性。性别角色期望也会影响观察者对疼痛的评分，并且疼痛的先前体验对男性和女性的影响不同。
