Freger Viatcheslav
Laboratory for Desalination and Water Technology Research, Institutes for Applied Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 635, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Jun 1;38(11):3168-75. doi: 10.1021/es034815u.
The paper introduces a new methodology for studying polyamide composite membranes for reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) in liquid environments. The methodology is based on atomic force microscopy of the active layer, which had been separated from the support and placed on a solid substrate. The approach was employed to determine the thickness, interfacial morphology, and dimensional changes in solution (swelling) of polyamide films. The face (active) and back (facing the support) surfaces of the RO films appeared morphologically similar, in agreement with the recently proposed model of skin formation. Measured thickness and swelling data in conjunction with the intrinsic permeability of the membranes suggest that the selective barrier in RO membrane constitutes only a fraction of the polyamide skin, whereas NF membranes behave as nearly uniform films. For NF membranes, there was reasonable correlation between the changes in the swelling and in the permeability of the membrane and the salinity and pH of the feed.
本文介绍了一种在液体环境中研究用于反渗透（RO）和纳滤（NF）的聚酰胺复合膜的新方法。该方法基于对活性层的原子力显微镜观察，活性层已从支撑体上分离并放置在固体基质上。该方法用于确定聚酰胺膜的厚度、界面形态以及在溶液中的尺寸变化（溶胀）。RO膜的正面（活性）和背面（面向支撑体）表面在形态上相似，这与最近提出的皮层形成模型一致。测得的厚度和溶胀数据与膜的固有渗透率相结合表明，RO膜中的选择性屏障仅占聚酰胺皮层的一部分，而NF膜表现为几乎均匀的膜。对于NF膜，膜的溶胀变化与渗透率变化之间以及与进料的盐度和pH值之间存在合理的相关性。
