Kouri Elena M, McCarthy Elissa M, Faust Alejandra H, Lukas Scott E
Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2004 Jul 15;75(1):55-65. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.01.011.
Nicotine and alcohol are often consumed together and smokers are more likely than non-smokers to drink alcohol. In spite of the high prevalence of the combined use of alcohol and nicotine, only a few laboratory studies have examined the effects of this drug combination in humans. The present study was conducted to further investigate the nature of nicotine/alcohol interactions by examining whether nicotine pretreatment via a transdermal patch (placebo or 21 mg) alters the subjective and physiologic effects of acute ethanol (0.4 and 0.7 g/kg) administration. Twelve male smokers who drank alcohol on an occasional basis provided informed consent to participate in the study. Subjective reports of feeling drunk, feeling ethanol's effects and ethanol-induced euphoria were increased by nicotine pretreatment. In addition, reports of desire to smoke a tobacco cigarette were significantly elevated after ethanol administration and were most pronounced during the active nicotine conditions. Heart rate was elevated by nicotine and ethanol-induced increases in heart rate were enhanced by nicotine pretreatment. The time to peak ethanol concentration was faster in the nicotine-patch condition and this paralleled the more rapid detection of ethanol effects after drinking the low-dose beverage. These findings suggest that nicotine enhances some of the positive subjective effects of acute ethanol and may help explain the high prevalence of the combined use of these two drugs.
尼古丁和酒精经常一起被使用，而且吸烟者比不吸烟者更有可能饮酒。尽管酒精和尼古丁联合使用的情况很普遍，但只有少数实验室研究考察了这种药物组合对人体的影响。本研究旨在通过考察经皮贴剂（安慰剂或21毫克）进行尼古丁预处理是否会改变急性乙醇（0.4和0.7克/千克）给药的主观和生理效应，进一步探究尼古丁/酒精相互作用的本质。12名偶尔饮酒的男性吸烟者提供了知情同意书参与该研究。尼古丁预处理会增加醉酒感、乙醇效应感和乙醇诱导的欣快感的主观报告。此外，饮酒后吸烟欲望的报告显著升高，且在尼古丁活性状态下最为明显。尼古丁会使心率升高，尼古丁预处理会增强乙醇诱导的心率升高。在尼古丁贴剂条件下，乙醇浓度达到峰值的时间更快，这与饮用低剂量饮料后更快检测到乙醇效应相一致。这些发现表明，尼古丁会增强急性乙醇的一些积极主观效应，这可能有助于解释这两种药物联合使用的高普遍性。
