Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore and Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA.
Alcohol Alcohol. 2022 May 10;57(3):330-339. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agab038.
Important differences have been shown in alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking prevalence, patterns and consequences among individuals from different racial backgrounds. Alcohol and nicotine are often co-used, and the association between drinking and smoking may differ between racial groups-a question explored in the present study.
Data from the NIAAA natural history and screening protocols were utilized; non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White individuals were included in the analyses [N = 1692; 65.2% male; 58.3% met criteria for current alcohol use disorder (AUD); 37.8% were current cigarette smokers]. Bivariate associations between assessments related to alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking were examined, and the strength and direction of these associations were compared between the two groups.
The sample included 796 Black and 896 White individuals. Black participants had higher frequency (P < 0.0001) and severity (P = 0.007) of AUD, as well as higher frequency (P < 0.0001) of cigarette smoking. Bivariate analyses showed that the expected positive associations between alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking, observed among White individuals, were blunted or absent among Black individuals [age at first cigarette-AUD identification test (AUDIT) score: F(1, 292) = 7.60, P = 0.006; cigarette pack years-AUDIT score: F(1, 1111) = 10.97, P = 0.001].
Some decoupling in the association between alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking was found among Black compared to White individuals. The sample was drawn from a specific population enrolled in alcohol research protocols, which is a limitation of the present study. These preliminary findings highlight the importance of considering racial/ethnic background in preventive and therapeutic strategies for comorbid alcohol and nicotine use.
不同种族背景的个体在饮酒和吸烟的流行率、模式和后果方面存在显著差异。酒精和尼古丁经常同时使用，而且饮酒和吸烟之间的关联在不同种族群体中可能存在差异——本研究探讨了这一问题。
利用 NIAAA 自然史和筛查方案的数据；非西班牙裔黑人和非西班牙裔白人个体纳入分析[N=1692；65.2%为男性；58.3%符合当前酒精使用障碍（AUD）标准；37.8%为当前吸烟者]。检查了与饮酒和吸烟相关的评估之间的双变量关联，并比较了两组之间这些关联的强度和方向。
样本包括 796 名黑人参与者和 896 名白人参与者。黑人参与者的 AUD 频率（P<0.0001）和严重程度（P=0.007）更高，吸烟频率也更高（P<0.0001）。双变量分析显示，在白人个体中观察到的饮酒和吸烟之间的预期正相关在黑人个体中减弱或不存在[第一支香烟-酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）评分的年龄：F（1，292）=7.60，P=0.006；香烟包年数-AUDIT 评分：F（1，1111）=10.97，P=0.001]。
与白人个体相比，黑人个体中饮酒和吸烟之间的关联存在一些脱钩。本研究的样本来自参加酒精研究方案的特定人群，这是本研究的一个局限性。这些初步发现强调了在针对酒精和尼古丁共病的预防和治疗策略中考虑种族/民族背景的重要性。
