Prabhakaran Dorairaj, Anand Sonia S
Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Vasc Med. 2004 Feb;9(1):55-68. doi: 10.1191/1358863x04vm515ra.
The common clustering of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, abdominal adiposity, elevated blood pressure, and low HDL cholesterol is referred to as metabolic syndrome. Individuals with this syndrome have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). The World Health Organisation and the National Cholesterol Education Programme's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) have outlined specific diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome to help in the identification of this syndrome in clinical practice. While the WHO criteria were specifically developed for use in research, the NCEP criteria are useful in clinical diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is amenable to lifestyle modifications such as increased physical activity, weight loss, and possibly intake of low-glycemic foods. Drug therapy may be used to treat individual components of the syndrome such as elevated blood pressure and dyslipidemia. To control elevated glucose levels (when there is failure of lifestyle modification), medications such as metformin, thiazolidinedione derivatives and alpha glucosidase inhibitors may be used.
葡萄糖耐量异常、胰岛素抵抗、腹部肥胖、血压升高和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低的共同聚集被称为代谢综合征。患有这种综合征的个体患心血管疾病（CVD）的风险增加。世界卫生组织和美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗小组第三次报告（NCEP-ATP III）已经概述了代谢综合征诊断的具体标准，以帮助在临床实践中识别这种综合征。虽然世界卫生组织的标准是专门为研究制定的，但NCEP标准在代谢综合征的临床诊断中很有用。代谢综合征适合通过生活方式的改变来改善，如增加体育活动、减轻体重，以及可能摄入低血糖生成指数的食物。药物治疗可用于治疗该综合征的各个组成部分，如高血压和血脂异常。为了控制血糖升高（当生活方式改变失败时），可使用二甲双胍、噻唑烷二酮衍生物和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂等药物。
