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及时干预的优势。

The advantage of timely intervention.

作者信息

Lagnado David A, Sloman Steven

机构信息

Department of Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.

出版信息

J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2004 Jul;30(4):856-76. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.30.4.856.

Abstract

Can people learn causal structure more effectively through intervention rather than observation? Four studies used a trial-based learning paradigm in which participants obtained probabilistic data about a causal chain through either observation or intervention and then selected the causal model most likely to have generated the data. Experiment 1 demonstrated that interveners made more correct model choices than did observers, and Experiments 2 and 3 ruled out explanations for this advantage in terms of informational differences between the 2 conditions. Experiment 4 tested the hypothesis that the advantage was driven by a temporal signal; interveners may exploit the cue that their interventions are the most likely causes of any subsequent changes. Results supported this temporal cue hypothesis.

摘要

人们通过干预而非观察能更有效地学习因果结构吗?四项研究采用了基于试验的学习范式,参与者通过观察或干预获取关于因果链的概率数据,然后选择最有可能产生这些数据的因果模型。实验1表明,进行干预的人比观察者做出了更多正确的模型选择,实验2和实验3排除了基于两种条件下信息差异对这一优势的解释。实验4检验了以下假设:这种优势是由时间信号驱动的;进行干预的人可能利用了这样的线索,即他们的干预是任何后续变化最可能的原因。结果支持了这一关于时间线索的假设。

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