Sindhusake Doungkamol, Golding Maryanne, Wigney David, Newall Philip, Jakobsen Kirsten, Mitchell Paul
Centre for Health Services Research, Western Sydney Area Health Service, Australia.
J Am Acad Audiol. 2004 Apr;15(4):269-80. doi: 10.3766/jaaa.15.4.2.
The Blue Mountains Hearing Study (BMHS) has shown that tinnitus affects one in three older Australians with 16% of cases describing severe annoyance. Among persons describing severe symptoms, 52% have sought professional help. We aim to identify factors associated with the severity of tinnitus in 2,015 persons aged over 54 years. Comprehensive questionnaires about hearing were administered. Air- (250-8000 Hz) and bone-conduction (500-4000 Hz) audiometric thresholds of both ears, together with transient evoked and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions, were measured. Factors predicting severity of tinnitus were assessed in Cox proportional hazard models. After multivariate adjustment, factors significantly associated with severe tinnitus were hearing loss (relative risk [RR] 2.9), dizziness (RR 2.0), head injury (RR 2.0), sinus and middle ear infections (RR 1.9), and mastoiditis (RR 3.9). Associations with mild tinnitus included age (RR 0.8), hearing loss (RR 1.4) and history of dizziness (RR 1.5), meningitis (RR 2.2), and migraine (RR 1.5). Knowledge of these factors could contribute to improved tinnitus management.
蓝山听力研究（BMHS）表明，耳鸣影响着三分之一的澳大利亚老年人，其中16%的病例称有严重困扰。在描述有严重症状的人群中，52%寻求过专业帮助。我们旨在确定2015名54岁以上人群中与耳鸣严重程度相关的因素。发放了关于听力的综合问卷。测量了双耳的气导（250 - 8000赫兹）和骨导（500 - 4000赫兹）听力阈值，以及瞬态诱发耳声发射和自发性耳声发射。在Cox比例风险模型中评估了预测耳鸣严重程度的因素。经过多变量调整后，与严重耳鸣显著相关的因素有听力损失（相对风险[RR] 2.9）、头晕（RR 2.0）、头部损伤（RR 2.0）、鼻窦和中耳感染（RR 1.9）以及乳突炎（RR 3.9）。与轻度耳鸣相关的因素包括年龄（RR 0.8）、听力损失（RR 1.4）以及头晕病史（RR 1.5）、脑膜炎（RR 2.2）和偏头痛（RR 1.5）。了解这些因素有助于改善耳鸣的管理。
