Svetkey Laura P, Simons-Morton Denise G, Proschan Michael A, Sacks Frank M, Conlin Paul R, Harsha Davis, Moore Thomas J
Duke Hypertension Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2004 Jul;6(7):373-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-6175.2004.03523.x.
The authors hypothesized that the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and reduced sodium intake would control stage 1 hypertension and reduce high-normal blood pressure (BP) to optimal levels. Adults with systolic BP 120-159 mm Hg and diastolic BP 80-95 mm Hg were randomly assigned to receive the DASH diet or a typical American (control) diet, consuming three different sodium intakes (higher=142 mmol/d, intermediate=107 mmol/d, and lower=65 mmol/d) for 30 days each. BP control was defined as systolic BP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg. Among subjects with hypertension at baseline, at higher sodium intake the DASH diet increased BP control two-fold over control (63% vs. 32%; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-2.9). Reducing sodium intake in the control diet group increased BP control 2.3-fold (74% vs. 32%; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-3.2). The maximum BP control rate (84%) was achieved with the DASH/lower sodium diet. BP became normal or optimal in 71% of persons consuming the control/lower sodium diet and 77% of persons consuming the DASH/lower sodium diet. Both the DASH diet and reduced sodium intake improved BP control.
作者们推测，终止高血压膳食疗法（DASH）饮食和减少钠摄入量可控制1期高血压，并将血压处于正常高值的情况降至最佳水平。收缩压为120 - 159毫米汞柱且舒张压为80 - 95毫米汞柱的成年人被随机分配接受DASH饮食或典型的美国（对照）饮食，每种饮食分别摄入三种不同水平的钠（较高水平 = 142毫摩尔/天，中等水平 = 107毫摩尔/天，较低水平 = 65毫摩尔/天），为期30天。血压控制的定义为收缩压 < 140毫米汞柱且舒张压 < 90毫米汞柱。在基线时有高血压的受试者中，在较高钠摄入量时，DASH饮食使血压控制率相比对照饮食提高了两倍（63% 对 32%；95% 置信区间，1.4 - 2.9）。对照饮食组减少钠摄入量使血压控制率提高了2.3倍（74% 对 32%；95% 置信区间，1.7 - 3.2）。DASH/低钠饮食实现了最高的血压控制率（84%）。在食用对照/低钠饮食的人群中，71% 的人血压恢复正常或达到最佳水平，在食用DASH/低钠饮食的人群中，这一比例为77%。DASH饮食和减少钠摄入量均改善了血压控制情况。
