Ray Sandip Kumar, Mallik Sarmila, Munsi Asim Kumar, Mitra Shyama Prasad, Baur Baijayanti, Kumar Satish
Department of Community Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, India.
Indian J Pediatr. 2004 Jul;71(7):583-6. doi: 10.1007/BF02724116.
An epidemiological study on measles was conducted among the under five children in slum areas of Kolkata to assess the incidence of measles.
20 cluster sampling technique was followed and in each cluster 250 under five children were covered. Paramedical workers identified children of the target of age group who had history of measles in past one year and the medical officer confirmed the diagnosis following standard case definition.
Incidence of measles was found as 5.76%. Incidence was equal in both the sex groups, but found more among infants. The incidence of measles gradually declined with the increase of age strengthening the view in favor of early immunization. Amongst the measles cases only 19.7% were immunized with measles vaccine. 100% of measles cases gave history of rash, 98.9% had history of fever, 82.8% reported that the rash started from face and progressed downwards to abdomen and leg. Cough, redness of eye and discoloration of skin were reported by 97.5%, 83.8% and 65.2% measles cases respectively. Only 16.9% and 8.6% children received Vitamin A oil before and after the illness respectively. 49% gave history of exposure to measles cases and 46.6% cases had measles within 2 weeks incubation period.
The study highlighted the necessity of timely measles vaccine coverage, additional dose at a higher age and Vitamin A supplementation through IEC activities.
在加尔各答贫民窟地区五岁以下儿童中开展麻疹流行病学研究，以评估麻疹发病率。
采用20群抽样技术，每群涵盖250名五岁以下儿童。辅助医务人员识别出过去一年内有麻疹病史的目标年龄组儿童，医务人员依据标准病例定义确诊。
麻疹发病率为5.76%。两性发病率相同，但婴儿中发病率更高。随着年龄增长，麻疹发病率逐渐下降，这强化了支持早期免疫的观点。在麻疹病例中，仅19.7%接种过麻疹疫苗。100%的麻疹病例有皮疹史，98.9%有发热史，82.8%报告皮疹始于面部并向下蔓延至腹部和腿部。分别有97.5%、83.8%和65.2%的麻疹病例报告有咳嗽、眼睛发红和皮肤变色。分别只有16.9%和8.6%的儿童在患病前和患病后接受了维生素A油。49%有接触麻疹病例史，46.6%的病例在潜伏期两周内感染麻疹。
该研究强调了及时进行麻疹疫苗接种、在较高年龄追加一剂疫苗以及通过信息、教育和宣传活动补充维生素A的必要性。
