King Susan M
Pediatrics. 2004 Aug;114(2):497-505. doi: 10.1542/peds.114.2.497.
In developed countries, care and treatment are available for pregnant women and infants that can decrease the rate of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection to 2% or less. The pediatrician has a key role in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 by identifying HIV-exposed infants whose mothers' HIV infection was not diagnosed before delivery, prescribing antiretroviral prophylaxis for these infants to decrease the risk of acquiring HIV-1 infection, and promoting avoidance of HIV-1 transmission through human milk. In addition, the pediatrician can provide care for HIV-exposed infants by monitoring them for early determination of HIV-1 infection status and for possible short- and long-term toxicities of antiretroviral exposure, providing chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia, and supporting families living with HIV-1 infection by providing counseling to parents or caregivers.
在发达国家，可为孕妇和婴儿提供护理与治疗，这能将围产期1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）感染率降至2%或更低。儿科医生在预防HIV-1母婴传播方面发挥着关键作用，具体包括识别那些母亲在分娩前未被诊断出感染HIV的HIV暴露婴儿，为这些婴儿开抗逆转录病毒预防药物以降低感染HIV-1的风险，以及促进避免通过母乳传播HIV-1。此外，儿科医生可以为HIV暴露婴儿提供护理，通过监测他们以尽早确定HIV-1感染状况以及抗逆转录病毒暴露可能产生的短期和长期毒性，为肺孢子菌肺炎提供化学预防，并通过为父母或照顾者提供咨询来支持感染HIV-1的家庭。
