Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
HealthySunrise Foundation, Las Vegas, Nevada; and.
Pediatrics. 2020 Nov;146(5). doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-029058. Epub 2020 Oct 19.
Pediatricians play a crucial role in optimizing the prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV infection. Pediatricians provide antiretroviral prophylaxis to infants born to women with HIV type 1 (HIV) infection during pregnancy and to those whose mother's status was first identified during labor or delivery. Infants whose mothers have an undetermined HIV status should be tested for HIV infection within the boundaries of state laws and receive presumptive HIV therapy if the results are positive. Pediatricians promote avoidance of postnatal HIV transmission by advising mothers with HIV not to breastfeed. Pediatricians test the infant exposed to HIV for determination of HIV infection and monitor possible short- and long-term toxicity from antiretroviral exposure. Finally, pediatricians support families living with HIV by providing counseling to parents or caregivers as an important component of care.
儿科医生在优化预防围产期 HIV 感染方面发挥着关键作用。儿科医生为在孕期感染 HIV 型 1 型（HIV）的妇女所生婴儿，以及在分娩或分娩期间首次发现母亲状况的婴儿提供抗逆转录病毒预防。如果母亲 HIV 状况不确定，应根据州法律对婴儿进行 HIV 感染检测，如果检测结果为阳性，应给予推定 HIV 治疗。儿科医生通过建议 HIV 感染的母亲不要母乳喂养，以防止产后 HIV 传播。儿科医生对暴露于 HIV 的婴儿进行 HIV 感染检测，并监测抗逆转录病毒暴露可能产生的短期和长期毒性。最后，儿科医生通过为父母或照顾者提供咨询作为护理的重要组成部分，为感染 HIV 的家庭提供支持。
