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植物线粒体中的蛋白质氧化作为一种胁迫指标

Protein oxidation in plant mitochondria as a stress indicator.

作者信息

Moller Ian M, Kristensen Brian K

机构信息

Plant Research Department, Riso National Laboratory, P.O. Box 49, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.

出版信息

Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2004 Aug;3(8):730-5. doi: 10.1039/b315561g. Epub 2004 Mar 19.

Abstract

Plant mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as an unavoidable side product of aerobic metabolism, but they have mechanisms for regulating this production such as the alternative oxidase. Once produced, ROS can be removed by several different enzyme systems. Finally, should the first two strategies fail, the ROS produced can act as a signal to the rest of the cell and/or cause damage to DNA, lipids and proteins. Proteins are modified in a variety of ways by ROS, some direct, others indirect e.g. by conjugation with breakdown products of fatty acid peroxidation. Reversible oxidation of cysteine and methionine side chains is an important mechanism for regulating enzyme activity. Mitochondria from both mammalian and plant tissues contain a number of oxidised proteins, but the relative abundance of these post-translationally modified forms is as yet unknown, as are the consequences of the modification for the properties and turnover time of the proteins. Specific proteins appear to be particularly vulnerable to oxidative carbonylation in the matrix of plant mitochondria; these include several enzymes of the Krebs cycle, glycine decarboxylase, superoxide dismutase and heat shock proteins. Plant mitochondria contain a number of different proteases, but their role in removing oxidatively damaged proteins is, as yet, unclear.

摘要

植物线粒体作为有氧代谢不可避免的副产物会产生活性氧(ROS),但它们具有诸如交替氧化酶等调节这种产生的机制。一旦产生,ROS可被几种不同的酶系统清除。最后,如果前两种策略失败,产生的ROS可作为向细胞其他部分发出的信号和/或对DNA、脂质和蛋白质造成损害。ROS以多种方式修饰蛋白质,有些是直接修饰,有些是间接修饰,例如与脂肪酸过氧化的分解产物结合。半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸侧链的可逆氧化是调节酶活性的重要机制。来自哺乳动物和植物组织的线粒体都含有一些氧化蛋白质,但这些翻译后修饰形式的相对丰度以及修饰对蛋白质性质和周转时间的影响尚不清楚。特定蛋白质似乎特别容易在植物线粒体基质中发生氧化羰基化;这些蛋白质包括三羧酸循环的几种酶、甘氨酸脱羧酶、超氧化物歧化酶和热休克蛋白。植物线粒体含有多种不同的蛋白酶,但它们在去除氧化损伤蛋白质方面的作用尚不清楚。

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