Streissguth Ann P, Bookstein Fred L, Barr Helen M, Sampson Paul D, O'Malley Kieran, Young Julia Kogan
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Fetal Alcohol & Drug Unit, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004 Aug;25(4):228-38. doi: 10.1097/00004703-200408000-00002.
Clinical descriptions of patients with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) suggest major problems with adaptive behavior. Five operationally defined adverse outcomes and 18 associated risk/protective factors were examined using a Life History Interview with knowledgeable informants of 415 patients with FAS or FAE (median age 14 years, range 6-51; median IQ 86, range 29-126). Eighty percent of these patients were not raised by their biological mothers. For adolescents and adults, the life span prevalence was 61% for Disrupted School Experiences, 60% for Trouble with the Law, 50% for Confinement (in detention, jail, prison, or a psychiatric or alcohol/drug inpatient setting), 49% for Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors on repeated occasions, and 35% for Alcohol/Drug Problems. The odds of escaping these adverse life outcomes are increased 2- to 4-fold by receiving the diagnosis of FAS or FAE at an earlier age and by being reared in good stable environments.
胎儿酒精综合征(FAS)和胎儿酒精影响(FAE)患者的临床描述表明其适应性行为存在重大问题。通过对415名FAS或FAE患者(中位年龄14岁,范围6 - 51岁;中位智商86,范围29 - 126)的知情者进行生活史访谈,研究了五个操作性定义的不良结局和18个相关风险/保护因素。这些患者中有80%不是由其亲生母亲抚养长大。对于青少年和成年人,在学校经历中断的终生患病率为61%,违法问题为60%,被监禁(在拘留所、监狱、精神病院或酒精/药物住院环境中)为50%,多次出现不当性行为为49%,酒精/药物问题为35%。在较小年龄被诊断为FAS或FAE以及在良好稳定的环境中成长,可使避免这些不良生活结局的几率增加2至4倍。